. 2023 Nov 6;26(12):2728–2737. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023002458

Table 1.

Percentage of ultra-processing and six ultra-processing bullet categories in the total sample, as well as in the 18 product categories, of PBMP and MBP^*

Product category	Group	n			Ultra-processing bullet categories
			Ultra-processing		Flavour		Flavour enhancer		Colour		Other cosmetic additives		Non-culinary ingredients
			%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n
Total	MBP	149	52	77	8	12	5	8	1	1	7	11	48	71
Total	PBMP	282	88	248 ^§	70	198 ^§	21	58 ^§	17	48 ^§	63	179 ^§	77	216 ^§
Minced meat	MBP	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Minced meat	PBMP	26	77	20 ^‡	50	13 ^†	19	5	4	1	38	10	62	16 ^†
Meatball	MBP	10	90	9	20	2	30	3	0	0	40	4	80	8
Meatball	PBMP	21	90	19	81	17 ^†	29	6	5	1	62	13	90	19
Burger	MBP	10	10	1	10	1	10	1	0	0	10	1	10	1
Burger	PBMP	33	82	27 ^‡	61	20 ^†	24	8	3	1	64	21 ^†	76	25 ^‡
Steak	MBP	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Steak	PBMP	6	67	4	67	4	0	0	17	1	67	4	50	3
Fillet strips	MBP	10	40	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	4
Fillet strips	PBMP	13	100	13 ^†	77	10 ^†	38	5	8	1	15	2	85	11
Sausage	MBP	10	70	7	10	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	7
Sausage	PBMP	26	96	25	77	20 ^†	12	3	12	3	69	18 ^‡	85	22
Kebab	MBP	5	100	5	20	1	20	1	0	0	20	1	100	5
Kebab	PBMP	7	86	6	57	4	14	1	0	0	14	1	71	5
Cevapcici	MBP	5	80	4	20	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	4
Cevapcici	PBMP	7	86	6	71	5	0	0	0	0	57	4	86	6
Schnitzel	MBP	10	80	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	8
Schnitzel	PBMP	31	97	30	77	24 ^§	23	7	10	3	84	26 ^§	90	28
Meat cut	MBP	10	30	3	20	2	20	2	10	1	0	0	10	1
Meat cut	PBMP	14	64	9	36	5	0	0	0	0	29	4	64	9
Nuggets	MBP	10	70	7	20	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	7
Nuggets	PBMP	25	100	25 ^†	80	20 ^†	32	8	8	2	88	22 ^§	88	22
Salami	MBP	5	40	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	2
Salami	PBMP	9	89	8	78	7 ^†	44	4	89	8 ^†	89	8 ^†	89	8
Lunchmeat	MBP	10	70	7	10	1	10	1	0	0	0	0	70	7
Lunchmeat	PBMP	22	73	16	59	13 ^†	5	1	41	9 ^†	68	15 ^†	59	13
Meat paste	MBP	10	70	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	5	40	4
Meat paste	PBMP	10	100	10	100	10 ^§	40	4	70	7 ^†	70	7	70	7
Pork sausage	MBP	10	90	9	10	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	9
Pork sausage	PBMP	12	83	10	75	9 ^†	17	2	50	6 ^†	75	9 ^†	50	6
Fish fingers	MBP	10	20	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	2
Fish fingers	PBMP	11	100	11 ^‡	91	10 ^‡	18	2	18	2	82	9 ^‡	73	8 ^†
Others fish-based	MBP	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Others fish-based	PBMP	5	100	5 ^†	100	5 ^†	20	1	40	2	80	4	100	5 ^†
Others meat-based	MBP	4	50	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	2
Others meat-based	PBMP	4	100	4	50	2	25	1	25	1	50	2	75	3

Ultra-processing and six ultra-processing bullet categories are presented as percentage and number.

^†

P < 0·05.

^‡

P < 0·001, and

^§

P < 0·0001 as assessed by chi-square test.

Values with statistically significant differences as compared to MBP are further indicated in bold.

PBMP, plant-based meat products; MBP, meat-based products.