Table 1.
Participant demographic characteristics.
| Variable | Controls (n = 20) | FXTAS (n = 22) | PD (n = 23) | ET (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 62.65 ± 8.52 (50–83) | 69.14 ± 8.12 (55–86) | 71.26 ± 7.87 (56–87)a** | 69.80 ± 8.85 (53–85)a* |
| Men, n (%) | 11 (55.0) | 12 (54.5) | 15 (65.2) | 10 (50.0) |
| Ethnicity, n | 19 White/Non-Hispanic, 1 White/Hispanic | 22 White/Non-Hispanic | 20 White/Non-Hispanic, 1 White/Hispanic, 1 Asian, 1 African American | 19 White/Non-Hispanic, 1 African American |
| BMI | 27.07 ± 3.44 (20.6–35.3) | 25.63 ± 4.82 (16.9–34.7) | 25.94 ± 3.62 (19.5–33.8) | 26.93 ± 5.39 (19.6–42.0) |
| Disease duration (years) | N/A | 6.59 ± 4.22 (1–16) | 5.74 ± 3.74 (1–15) | 13.29 ± 9.97 (2–33)b**,c** |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) |
| CGG repeat | 31.39 ± 5.42 (23–48) | 85.33 ± 12.33 (60–104)a**** | 29.64 ± 5.02 (20–42)b**** | 29.10 ± 6.17 (20–44)b**** |
| FXTAS Dx | N/A | 6 Possible, 8 Probable, 8 Definite | N/A | N/A |
| FXTAS-RS | 13.6 ± 7.9 (3–26) | 46.4 ± 17.6 (24–78)a**** | 41.7 ± 13.1 (21–65)a**** | 46.1 ± 19.6 (24–73)a**** |
| H&Y stage | N/A | N/A | 2.09 ± 0.29 (2–3) | N/A |
| TNS | 0.59 ± 1.12 (0–4) | 3.67 ± 3.02 (0–14)a*** | 2.95 ± 3.43 (0–13)a* | 2.62 ± 2.99 (0–8) |
| Education | 17.50 ± 2.61 (12–24) | 15.95 ± 3.11 (9–20) | 16.61 ± 2.69 (12–22) | 15.75 ± 2.40 (12–20) |
| WASI full IQ | 127.35 ± 9.98 (108–142) | 118.13 ± 13.00 (84–135) | 117.70 ± 15.24 (86–149) | 116.85 ± 15.17 (84–136) |
| WASI VIQ | 124.50 ± 8.57 (106–136) | 118.07 ± 10.33 (88–129) | 120.17 ± 13.45 (91–140) | 117.55 ± 12.93 (86–136) |
| WASI PIQ | 124.00 ± 11.53 (99–141) | 113.53 ± 14.54 (83–141) | 111.56 ± 16.69 (84–141)a* | 111.65 ± 15.94 (86–134) |
| BDS-II | 25.45 ± 1.10 (24–27) | 23.33 ± 2.99 (16–27) | 24.22 ± 1.93 (19–27) | 24.20 ± 1.61 (21–27) |
| COWAT | 108.20 ± 19.76 (82–142) | 96.86 ± 24.98 (54–152) | 101.35 ± 23.84 (74–160) | 99.25 ± 23.42 (66–154) |
| SDMT | 106.89 ± 10.05 (94–128) | 89.56 ± 13.20 (67–118)a*** | 88.87 ± 12.84 (61–107)a**** | 88.95 ± 10.75 (72–103)a**** |
| Animal naming | 36.20 ± 9.56 (22–55) | 28.71 ± 11.34 (11–53) | 28.73 ± 8.93 (9–42) | 27.40 ± 10.30 (13–48)a* |
All values are mean ± SD with range in brackets unless indicated otherwise. a, significantly different from controls; b, significantly different from FXTAS; c, significantly different from PD; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001. Age, disease duration, CGG repeat, modified FXTAS Rating Scale score (FXTAS-RS), Hoen & Yahr (H&Y) Stage, Body Mass Index (BMI), Total Neuropathy Score (TNS), Education, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) Full Intelligence Quotient (Full IQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ), Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale II (BDS-II), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Animal Naming test were compared between controls, FXTAS, PD and ET. The COWAT and SDMT were scaled for age and years of education.