Table 2.
Gait and turning parameters during self-selected (SS), fast as possible (FP), and dual task (DT) two-minute walk test (2MWT).
| i-WALK domain parameters | Controls (n = 20) | FXTAS (n = 22) | PD (n = 23) | ET (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-selected (SS) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Stride length (%stature) | 86.21 (3.48) | 81.93 (8.00) | 75.34 (7.51)a****,b** | 83.06 (6.43)c** |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) | 81.77 (7.09) | 75.77 (8.28) | 72.17 (9.27)a** | 76.61 (9.84) |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 113.62 (8.91) | 110.93 (9.24) | 114.97 (9.45) | 110.63 (11.89) |
| Double limb support (%) | 20.22 (3.26) | 22.99 (4.90) | 21.67 (4.87) | 23.12 (4.96) |
| Trunk frontal ROM (degrees) CoV | 0.35 (0.26) | 0.44 (0.33) | 0.24 (0.16) | 0.32 (0.32) |
| Stride length (%stature) CoV | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) CoV | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.02)b* | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Cadence (steps/min) CoV | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.01)b* | 0.04 (0.03) |
| Stride length asymmetry (%) | 1.42 (0.66) | 1.83 (0.71) | 1.60 (0.56) | 1.47 (0.60) |
| Arm symmetry index (%) | 18.20 (5.27) | 21.90 (6.78) | 31.89 (15.89)a** | 20.81 (11.02)c* |
| Turn duration (s) | 2.06 (0.37) | 2.43 (0.53) | 2.71 (0.61)a** | 2.26 (0.63) |
| Number of steps to turn | 4.33 (0.71) | 4.93 (0.97) | 5.44 (1.39)a* | 4.48 (0.86) |
| Peak turn velocity | 169.70 (37.50) | 150.96 (26.92) | 137.54 (31.43)a* | 166.97 (46.79) |
| Fast as possible (FP) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Stride length (%stature) | 88.52 (4.22) | 83.23 (7.81) | 77.03 (6.99)a**** | 85.64 (6.39)c** |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) | 96.77 (9.35) | 84.71 (9.90)a** | 82.02 (10.54)a*** | 88.97 (13.27) |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 131.12 (12.39) | 122.05 (12.95) | 127.85 (12.86) | 124.53 (16.43) |
| Double limb support (%) | 16.75 (3.25) | 19.46 (5.49) | 18.69 (4.69) | 19.50 (5.15) |
| Trunk frontal ROM (degrees) CoV | 0.36 (0.28) | 0.47 (0.43) | 0.27 (0.18) | 0.32 (0.25) |
| Stride length (%stature) CoV | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) CoV | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.05)a* | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.04) |
| Cadence (steps/min) CoV | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Stride length asymmetry (%) | 1.34 (0.41) | 1.98 (0.83)a* | 1.61 (0.73) | 1.57 (0.67) |
| Arm symmetry index (%) | 14.00 (6.05) | 17.61 (4.42) | 29.59 (17.33)a*** | 21.35 (11.03) |
| Turn duration (s) | 1.81 (0.32) | 2.27 (0.51)a* | 2.45 (0.52)a*** | 2.04 (0.55)c* |
| Number of steps to turn | 4.63 (0.67) | 5.00 (0.74) | 5.52 (1.26) | 4.71 (0.85) |
| Peak turn velocity | 199.34 (41.69) | 167.90 (34.68) | 154.06 (31.86)a** | 184.33 (50.59) |
| Dual-task (DT) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Stride length (%stature) | 86.92 (4.50) | 80.88 (9.38) | 73.22 (8.78)a****,b* | 82.23 (6.86)c* |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) | 85.72 (11.99) | 74.75 (11.11) | 68.52 (10.25)a**** | 75.06 (10.91) |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 117.95 (13.41) | 110.68 (11.64) | 112.52 (12.31) | 109.31 (12.66) |
| Double limb support (%) | 20.17 (3.66) | 23.43 (5.91) | 22.03 (4.44) | 23.95 (4.73) |
| Trunk frontal ROM (degrees) CoV | 0.38 (0.25) | 0.45 (0.37) | 0.27 (0.15) | 0.36 (0.30) |
| Stride length (%stature) CoV | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.03) |
| Stride velocity (%stature/s) CoV | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.04) |
| Cadence (steps/min) CoV | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Stride length asymmetry (%) | 1.40 (0.53) | 1.98 (0.86) | 1.76 (0.66) | 1.54 (0.55) |
| Arm symmetry index (%) | 18.08 (5.59) | 19.48 (5.63) | 35.70 (19.69)a****,b**** | 20.03 (6.84)c*** |
| Turn duration (s) | 1.88 (0.39) | 2.51 (0.86)a* | 2.80 (0.69)a**** | 2.26 (0.66) |
| Number of steps to turn | 4.16 (0.72) | 4.98 (1.36) | 5.49 (1.38)a** | 4.45 (0.99) |
| Peak turn velocity | 191.37 (42.21) | 156.46 (38.28)a* | 136.85 (34.44)a*** | 166.54 (42.53) |
Gait and movement transition domain variables for between group comparisons among FXTAS, PD, ET, and controls. . a, significantly different from controls; b, significantly different from FXTAS; c, significantly different from PD; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.