Fig. 6.

Application of synthetic and natural hydrogel materials to alleviate the inflammation in IVDD.

a. ASP-Lip@GelMA for relieving inflammation and preventing recurrence after partial discectomy. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [247]. b. Inflammation-responsive curcumin and miRNA-loaded hydrogels. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [249]. c. Preparation of thermosensitive injectable celecoxib-loaded chitosan hydrogel. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [252]. d. Multifunctional silk fibroin cryogel loaded with AFC-derived exosomes that seal and promote AF regeneration. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [253]. e. dECM@exo synthesis in the treatment of IVDD. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [251].