Table 2.
Characteristics of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs that had adopted electronic health records (EHRs), compared to programs that had not adopted EHR but plan to adopt and programs that had not adopted EHR and did not have plans to adopt.
| Characteristic | No and planning (n=378) | Yes (n=649) | P value | |||||
| Technology use | ||||||||
|
|
Computerized scheduling system, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
|
No | 241 (63.8) | 186 (28.7) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Yes | 137 (36.2) | 463 (71.3) |
|
|||
|
|
Electronic billing system, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
|
No | 145 (38.4) | 92 (14.2) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Yes | 233 (61.6) | 557 (85.8) |
|
|||
|
|
Barriers to adoption score, median (IQR)a | 24.0 (19.00-27.75) | 23.0 (18.00-27.00) | .05 | ||||
| Program characteristics | ||||||||
|
|
O wnership, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
|
Private for-profit | 120 (31.8) | 137 (21.1) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Private nonprofit | 223 (59.0) | 410 (63.2) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Public | 35 (9.3) | 102 (15.7) |
|
|||
|
|
O wned by the hospital or mental health center, n (%) | .07 | ||||||
|
|
|
No | 326 (86.2) | 530 (81.7) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Yes | 52 (13.8) | 119 (18.3) |
|
|||
|
|
Part of accountable care organization, n (%) | .003 | ||||||
|
|
|
Not interested | 296 (78.3) | 451 (69.5) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Interested | 82 (21.7) | 198 (30.5) |
|
|||
|
|
Part of a patient-centered medical home, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
|
Not interested | 310 (82.0) | 453 (69.8) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Interested | 68 (18.0) | 196 (30.2) |
|
|||
|
|
OTPb, n (%) | .07 | ||||||
|
|
|
Non-OTP | 257 (68.0) | 403 (62.1) |
|
|||
|
|
|
OTP | 121 (32.0) | 246 (37.9) |
|
|||
|
|
OTP size (number of SUD clients), n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
|
0-250 | 182 (48.2) | 223 (34.4) |
|
|||
|
|
|
250-500 | 91 (24.1) | 180 (27.7) |
|
|||
|
|
|
500-750 | 39 (10.3) | 86 (13.3) |
|
|||
|
|
|
>750 | 66 (17.5) | 160 (24.7) |
|
|||
| Client characteristics | ||||||||
|
|
Percentage of African American clients, median (IQR) | 9.6 (2.41-27.24) | 9.7 (2.25-30.00) | .76 | ||||
|
|
Percentage of Hispanic clients, median (IQR) | 6.3 (1.38-16.62) | 5.0 (1.57-15.38) | .52 | ||||
|
|
High uninsured, n (%) | .006 | ||||||
|
|
|
No | 240 (63.5) | 467 (72.0) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Yes | 138 (36.5) | 182 (28.0) |
|
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| Geographic location | ||||||||
|
|
Region, n (%) | .007 | ||||||
|
|
|
Northeast | 129 (34.1) | 157 (24.2) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Southeast | 82 (21.7) | 165 (25.4) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Midwest | 93 (24.6) | 174 (26.8) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Southwest | 74 (19.6) | 153 (23.6) |
|
|||
|
|
Urban, n (%) | .04 | ||||||
|
|
|
Not urban | 233 (61.6 %) | 443 (68.3 %) |
|
|||
|
|
|
Urban | 145 (38.4 %) | 206 (31.7 %) |
|
|||
aFor the full study sample, the minimum and maximum barrier scores ranged between 13 and 39.
bOTP: opioid treatment program.