TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Variables | Control group (n = 22) | 2 cups GT/day (n = 22) | 3 cups GT/day (n = 22) | p-valuea |
| Age (y) | 58.20 ± 6.10 | 57.05 ± 8.09 | 54.15 ± 10.14 | 0.28 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.82 ± 12.36 | 80.47 ± 13.20 | 73.72 ± 8.40 | 0.08 |
| Height (cm) | 162.72 ± 10.00 | 164.95 ± 12.47 | 163.85 ± 9.23 | 0.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.58 ± 4.51 | 29.49 ± 3.11 | 27.55 ± 3.14 | 0.16 |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 9 (40.90) | 9 (40.90) | 11 (55.00) | 0.76 |
| Menopause status, n (%) | 5 (22.70) | 6 (27.30) | 5 (22.70) | 0.92 |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 15.40 ± 5.66 | 14.75 ± 7.84 | 14.58 ± 7.14 | 0.91 |
| Smokers (%) | 2 (9.10) | 4 (18.20) | 2 (9.10) | 0.56 |
| Compliance (%) | 95.22 ± 3.58 | 94.72 ± 3.01 | 94.27 ± 3.61 | 0.66 |
| Antilipidemic medication, n (%) | ||||
| Statins | 5 (22.70) | 8 (36.40) | 6 (27.30) | 0.59 |
| Gemfibrozil | 7 (31.80) | 5 (22.70) | 3 (13.60) | 0.35 |
| Antidiabetic medication, n (%) | ||||
| Glibenclamide | 12 (54.50) | 7 (31.80) | 9 (40.90) | 0.30 |
| Gliclazide | 6 (27.30) | 9 (4.90) | 10 (45.50) | 0.43 |
| Metformin | 22 (100) | 22 (100) | 22 (100) | |
| Serum factors (units) | ||||
| TC (mg/dL) | 167.42 ± 48.54 | 161.70 ± 40.58 | 170.55 ± 36.19 | 0.79 |
| LDL−C (mg/dL) | 101.02 ± 33.51 | 90.74 ± 31.46 | 94.48 ± 30.16 | 0.58 |
| HDL−C (mg/dL) | 43.99 ± 14.51 | 43.45 ± 11.86 | 42.90 ± 6.60 | 0.95 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 192.22 ± 74.67 | 176.55 ± 75.83 | 204.72 ± 97.41 | 0.56 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 143.00 ± 23.82 | 139.65 ± 27.37 | 152.00 ± 25.11 | 0.29 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.43 ± 0.90 | 7.66 ± 0.96 | 7.65 ± 0.99 | 0.71 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 130.43 ± 1.45 | 120.93 ± 1.54 | 120.75 ± 1.07 | 0.24 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80.65 ± 0.76 | 80.11 ± 0.84 | 80.38 ± 0.73 | 0.07 |
| 24-h urine protein (mg) | 883.82 ± 261.07 | 930.90 ± 255.36 | 795.17 ± 270.05 | 0.26 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 39.90 ± 10.82 | 41.20 ± 19.90 | 38.15 ± 10.57 | 0.91 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.16 ± 0.33 | 1.21 ± 0.39 | 1.13 ± 0.32 | 0.86 |
aDifferences between groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA test for continuous variables and chi−square test for categorical variables. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number (percentage) of patients. BMI, body mass index; ACE, angiotensin-converting-enzyme; ARBs, inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.