TABLE 3.

Effects of green tea supplementation on serum lipid profile, HbA1c and renal markers.

Variables	Control (n = 20)	2 cups GT/day (n = 22)	3 cups GT/day (n = 22)	p-valuea
TC (mg/dL)
After	172.72 ± 8.64	169.20 ± 10.59	149.35 ± 5.32	0.11
Changeb	5.30 ± 7.96	7.50 ± 5.43	−21.20 ± 8.02	0.01
Adjusted change	5.51 ± 6.46	5.56 ± 6.42	−19.48 ± 6.51*†	0.01c
P d	0.50	0.18	0.01
LDL−C (mg/dL)
After	94.66 ± 8.63	88.68 ± 7.96	80.51 ± 4.63	0.39
Changeb	−6.36 ± 6.67	−2.05 ± 4.80	−13.97 ± 6.26	0.40
Adjusted change	−4.67 ± 5.76	−3.60 ± 5.67	−14.10 ± 5.75	0.37
P d	0.35	0.67	0.06
HDL-C (mg/dL)
After	40.17 ± 2.17	43.95 ± 2.88	45.95 ± 2.50	0.27
Changeb	−3.81 ± 2.48	0.50 ± 1.42	3.05 ± 2.15	0.06
Adjusted change	−3.65 ± 1.88	0.57 ± 1.87	2.81 ± 1.90*	0.06
P d	0.14	0.72	0.17
TG (mg/dL)
After	184.87 ± 14.47	172.00 ± 15.52	196.55 ± 19.90	0.58
Changeb	−7.35 ± 4.68	−4.55 ± 5.03	−8.17 ± 4.28	0.84
Adjusted change	−7.41 ± 4.14	−6.32 ± 4.13	−6.33 ± 4.18	0.97
P d	0.13	0.37	0.07
HbA1c (%)
After	7.78 ± 0.19	7.51 ± 0.13	7.32 ± 0.18	0.16
Changeb	0.35 ± 0.13	−0.14 ± 0.21	−0.33 ± 0.17	0.03
Adjusted change	0.27 ± 0.14	−0.10 ± 0.14	−0.31 ± 0.14*	0.02
P d	0.02	0.50	0.07
SBP (mm Hg)
After	110.86 ± 0.21	110.59 ± 0.22	110.75 ± 0.17	0.65
Changeb	−1.56 ± 0.21	−1.34 ± 0.20	−1.00 ± 0.17	0.14
Adjusted change	−1.37 ± 0.15	−1.48 ± 0.15	−1.14 ± 0.15	0.31
P d	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
DBP (mm Hg)
After	70.61 ± 0.15	70.52 ± 0.12	70.52 ± 0.14	0.87
Changeb	−1.04 ± 0.14	−0.59 ± 0.13	−0.86 ± 0.17	0.11
Adjusted change	−0.87 ± 0.13	−0.73 ± 0.13	−0.89 ± 0.13	0.66
P d	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
24-h urine protein (mg)
After	771.80 ± 60.16	836.30 ± 52.62	728.15 ± 55.92	0.39
Changeb	−112.02 ± 21.18	−94.60 ± 18.70	−67.02 ± 12.79	0.21
Adjusted change	−107.70 ± 17.05	−88.50 ± 17.08	−77.44 ± 17.38	0.46c
P d	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
BUN (mg/dl)††
After	35.72 ± 2.33	40.24 ± 4.18	37.70 ± 2.22	0.64
Changeb	−4.17 ± 2.11	−0.96 ± 0.80	−0.45 ± 1.14	0.45
Adjusted change	−4.11 ± 1.42	−0.72 ± 1.41	−0.74 ± 1.43	0.16
P d	0.06	0.24	0.69
Creatinine (mg/dl)††
After	1.26 ± 0.09	1.22 ± 0.07	1.14 ± 0.07	0.68
Changeb	0.10 ± 0.06	0.008 ± 0.03	0.006 ± 0.03	0.61
Adjusted change	0.10 ± 0.04	0.015 ± 0.04	−0.002 ± 0.04	0.23
P d	0.17	0.51	0.76

^aBetween groups comparison using one-way ANOVA test.

^bCrude change from baseline without adjusting.

^cBetween groups comparison using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for age, sex and baseline values as the covariates.

^dWithin group comparison using paired t-test.

*p < 0.05 versus control group.

^†p < 0.05 versus G2 group.

^††These values were log transformed to normalize the distributions. Values are reported as mean ± standard error (SE). TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.