Table 1.
Research subject base information form (internal validation).
| Total | Training cohorts | Internal validation cohorts | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 7,576 | 5,303 | 2,273 | |
| Death = No/Yes (%) | 6709/867 (88.6/11.4) | 4690/613 (88.4/11.6) | 2019/254 (88.8/11.2) | 0.658 |
| ICU stay time, days (median [IQR]) | 3.33 [2.00, 6.29] | 3.38 [2.00, 6.33] | 3.29 [1.96, 6.13] | 0.363 |
| Age (median [IQR]) | 70.00 [58.00, 79.00] | 69.00 [58.00, 79.00] | 70.00 [59.00, 79.00] | 0.706 |
| Gender = Male/Female (%) | 4497/3079 (59.4/40.6) | 3142/2161 (59.2/40.8) | 1355/918 (59.6/40.4) | 0.787 |
| Medical treatments, n (%) | ||||
| Sedatives = No/Yes | 1292/6284 (17.1/82.9) | 900/4403 (17.0/83.0) | 392/1881 (17.2/82.8) | 0.797 |
| Analgesic = No/Yes | 729/6847 (9.6/90.4) | 492/4811 (9.3/90.7) | 237/2036 (10.4/89.6) | 0.131 |
| Antibiotic = No/Yes | 988/6588 (13.0/87.0) | 689/4614 (13.0/87.0) | 299/1974 (13.2/86.8) | 0.877 |
| Vasopressin = No/Yes | 6642/934 (87.7/12.3) | 4634/669 (87.4/12.6) | 2008/265 (88.3/11.7) | 0.262 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Myocardial infarct = No/Yes | 5997/1579 (79.2/20.8) | 4193/1110 (79.1/20.9) | 1804/469 (79.4/20.6) | 0.793 |
| Congestive heart failure = No/Yes | 4837/2739 (63.8/36.2) | 3397/1906 (64.1/35.9) | 1440/833 (63.4/36.6) | 0.576 |
| Peripheral vascular disease = No/Yes | 6397/1179 (84.4/15.6) | 4468/835 (84.3/15.7) | 1929/344 (84.9/15.1) | 0.523 |
| Dementia = No/Yes | 7353/223 (97.1/2.9) | 5151/152 (97.1/2.9) | 2202/71 (96.9/3.1) | 0.594 |
| COPD = No/Yes | 5499/2077 (72.6/27.4) | 3814/1489 (71.9/28.1) | 1685/588 (74.1/25.9) | 0.051 |
| Liver disease = No/Yes | 6671/905 (88.1/11.9) | 4694/609 (88.5/11.5) | 1977/296 (87.0/13.0) | 0.064 |
| Diabetes = No/Yes | 6871/705 (90.7/9.3) | 4807/496 (90.6/9.4) | 2064/209 (90.8/9.2) | 0.862 |
| Renal disease = No/Yes | 5627/1949 (74.3/25.7) | 3935/1368 (74.2/25.8) | 1692/581 (74.4/25.6) | 0.852 |
| Severe score, median (IQR) | ||||
| SOFA | 7.00 [5.00, 10.00] | 7.00 [5.00, 9.00] | 7.00 [5.00, 10.00] | 0.12 |
| GCS | 13.00 [8.00, 14.00] | 13.00 [8.00, 14.00] | 13.00 [8.00, 14.00] | 0.054 |
| APSIII | 54.00 [39.00, 75.00] | 54.00 [39.00, 75.00] | 54.00 [39.00, 77.00] | 0.298 |
| Laboratory tests, median (IQR) | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.80 [1.30, 2.60] | 1.80 [1.30, 2.60] | 1.80 [1.30, 2.55] | 0.4 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 128.50 [113.50, 144.78] | 128.25 [113.00, 145.07] | 129.10 [114.94, 144.25] | 0.303 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05 [0.75, 1.65] | 1.05 [0.75, 1.65] | 1.05 [0.75, 1.65] | 0.854 |
| BUN (K/uL) | 21.00 [14.50, 35.50] | 21.00 [14.50, 35.00] | 21.50 [14.50, 37.00] | 0.064 |
| Platelets (K/ul) | 178.50 [129.50, 248.00] | 180.00 [130.00, 249.00] | 176.50 [127.50, 246.00] | 0.128 |
| Potassium (K/ul) | 4.25 [3.90, 4.65] | 4.25 [3.90, 4.65] | 4.25 [3.95, 4.65] | 0.045 |
| Sodium (K/ul) | 138.50 [136.00, 141.00] | 138.50 [136.00, 141.00] | 138.50 [136.00, 141.00] | 0.539 |
| Bicarbonate (meq/L) | 23.00 [20.50, 25.50] | 23.00 [20.50, 25.50] | 23.00 [20.50, 25.00] | 0.767 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 8.20 [7.80, 8.70] | 8.20 [7.80, 8.70] | 8.20 [7.80, 8.65] | 0.93 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 105.00 [101.00, 108.00] | 105.00 [101.00, 108.00] | 105.00 [101.00, 108.00] | 0.416 |
| HCT (%) | 10.10 [8.90, 11.55] | 10.10 [8.85, 11.50] | 10.15 [8.95, 11.65] | 0.143 |
| PTT (s) | 32.55 [28.05, 41.66] | 32.60 [28.10, 41.90] | 32.50 [28.00, 40.90] | 0.329 |
| WBC (K/uL) | 12.10 [8.85, 16.05] | 12.10 [8.85, 16.10] | 12.00 [8.80, 15.90] | 0.529 |
| INR | 1.30 [1.15, 1.55] | 1.30 [1.15, 1.55] | 1.30 [1.15, 1.55] | 0.938 |
| AG | 14.00 [12.00, 16.50] | 14.00 [12.00, 16.50] | 13.50 [11.50, 16.50] | 0.654 |
| MCH (pg) | 30.00 [28.60, 31.30] | 30.00 [28.60, 31.30] | 30.10 [28.60, 31.30] | 0.783 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 32.80 [31.60, 33.90] | 32.80 [31.60, 33.90] | 32.80 [31.70, 33.80] | 0.899 |
| MCV (fL) | 91.00 [87.00, 95.00] | 91.00 [87.00, 95.00] | 91.00 [87.00, 95.00] | 0.704 |
| RDW (%) | 15.00 [13.80, 16.70] | 15.10 [13.80, 16.70] | 15.00 [13.90, 16.50] | 0.324 |
| Vital signs, median (IQR) | ||||
| Heartrate (min−1) | 104.00 [90.00, 119.00] | 104.00 [90.00, 119.00] | 104.00 [91.00, 120.00] | 0.071 |
| Respiratory rate (min−1) | 27.00 [23.50, 32.00] | 27.00 [23.00, 32.00] | 28.00 [24.00, 32.00] | 0.033 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.33 [35.61, 37.33] | 36.33 [35.61, 37.33] | 36.33 [35.61, 37.33] | 0.555 |