TABLE 5.
Predicted and observed relationships between the lay theories and covariates/outcomes.
| Covariates and outcomes | ULTrA dimensions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth mindset | Fixed mindset | Mindset | Brilliance belief | Universal belief | Non-universal belief | Universality | |
| Sense of belonging | [+]0.23*** | [−]−0.28*** | [+]0.31*** | [−]−0.11*** | [+]0.18*** | [−]−0.16*** | [+]0.19*** |
| Evaluative concerns | [−]−0.08** | [+]0.20*** | [−]−0.17*** | [+]0.13*** | [−]0.02 n.s. | [+]0.08** | [−]−0.04 n.s. |
| Mastery-approach goals | [+]0.27*** | [−]−0.23*** | [+]0.30*** | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. |
| Performance-avoid goals | [−]−0.05 n.s. | [+]0.11*** | [−]−0.09*** | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. |
| Self-handicapping | [−]−0.15*** | [+]0.23*** | [−]−0.23*** | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. | n.p. |
| Intent to persist | [+]0.28*** | [−]−0.13*** | [+]0.25*** | [−]−0.08** | [+]0.08** | [−]−0.08** | [+]0.09*** |
| Course grade | [+]0.15*** | [−]−0.09** | [+]0.14*** | [−]−0.01 n.s. | [+]−0.06* | [−]0.02 n.s. | [+]−0.05 n.s. |
Each cell includes the predicted relationship direction (top line in brackets) and the observed Pearson correlation (bottom line). Observations that do not match predictions are emphasized in italics. Results are not shown for relationships that were not predicted a priori, but the full correlation table with these data are available in the Supplemental Table 6. n.p. = no prediction; n.s. = not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.