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. 2024 Jan;30(1):163–167. doi: 10.3201/eid3001.231003

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Emerging Infectious Diseases is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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Phylogenetic trees of the emerging novel norovirus GII.4 strains on 3 continents. A) Common genotyping region C; 250 nt from the 5′ end of ORF2; B) complete VP1 aa sequences. Phylogenetic trees show novel GII.4 San Francisco strains and GII.4 variants, including recently identified clusters like GII.4 Hong Kong. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X (https://www.megasoftware.net) using the maximum-likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model for the C region and Jones-Taylor-Thornton matrix-based model for VP1. We used a discrete gamma distribution to model evolutionary rate differences among sites; 5 categories γ parameter = 0.2174. Bootstrap (100) values are indicated at the nodes. Trees were drawn to scale. Scale bar represents nucleotide substitutions per site. ORF, open reading frame; VP1, viral protein 1.