Table 4.
Risks for Mortality within 90 Days of Operation. Binary Logistic Regression Utilizing Univariable Risks for All Patients Included in Study.
| Variable | Perioperative Mortality (n) | Univariable P-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age of those with mortality | Yes mortality within 90 Days | 72.61 Years (STDEV 9.37) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02 - 1.05)/YR | <0.001 |
| No mortality within 90 Days | 69.69 Years (STDEV 9.08) | ||||
| History of smoking | Never smoker | 1.5% (112/7535) | 0.229 | ||
| Active or former smoker | 1.7% (389/23031) | ||||
| Gender | Male | 1.5% (313/20823) | |||
| Female | 1.9% (188/9743) | 0.006 | 1.21 (.99 - 1.48) | 0.063 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | No DM | 1.4% (227/16700) | |||
| Yes DM | 2.0% (274/13866) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.09-1.60) | 0.005 | |
| Hypertension | No HTN | 1.6% (29/1803) | 0.916 | ||
| Yes HTN | 1.6% (472/28763) | ||||
| Hx of CHF | No CHF | 1.2% (284/23876) | |||
| Yes CHF | 3.2% (217/6690) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.78-2.65) | <0.001 | |
| Hx of COPD | No COPD | 1.4% (324/22612) | |||
| Yes COPD | 2.2% (177/7954) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.19 - 1.78) | <0.001 | |
| Baseline renal insufficiency | No renal insufficiency | 1.3% (317/23525) | |||
| Yes renal insufficiency | 2.6% (184/7041) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.19 - 1.80) | <0.001 | |
| Anemia at surgery | No anemia | 1.4% (382/27354) | |||
| Yes anemia | 3.7% (119/3212) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.15 - 1.84) | 0.002 | |
| Pre-operative aspirin | No ASA | 1.9% (74/3890) | 0.166 | ||
| Yes ASA | 1.6% (427/26676) | ||||
| Pre-operative statin | No statin | 2.1% (81/3842) | 0.014 | 3.35 (2.47 - 4.56) | <0.001 |
| Yes statin | 1.6% (420/26724) | ||||
| Symptomatic carotid stenosis | No symptoms | 1.5% (338/23307) | |||
| Yes symptoms | 2.2% (163/7259) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.43 -2.17) | <0.001 | |
| Anesthesia | Local regional | 1.8% (38/2155) | 0.637 | ||
| General anesthesia | 1.6% (463/28411) | ||||
| Contralateral carotid stenosis >70% | No contralateral stenosis | 1.6% (398/24376) | |||
| Yes contralateral stenosis | 1.7% (103/6190) | 0.863 | |||
| Patch use | No patch use | 2.0% (50/2444) | 0.099 | ||
| Yes patch use | 1.6% (451/28122) | ||||
| Shunt use | No shunt use | 1.6% (245/15070) | 0.856 | ||
| Yes shunt use | 1.7% (256/15496) | ||||
| Protamine use | No protamine use | 1.6% (138/8376) | 0.923 | ||
| Yes protamine use | 1.6% (361/22121) | ||||
| Return to operating room | No return | 1.6% (486/30048) | |||
| Yes return | 3.2% (15/471) | 0.008 | 1.4 (.80 - 2.50) | .234 | |
| EEG use | No EEG use | 1.7% (361/21798) | 0.71 | ||
| Yes EEG use | 1.6% (139/8708) | ||||
| Stump pressure use | No stump pressure | 1.7% (458/26967) | 0.025 | 1.20 (0.86 - 1.66) | 0.295 |
| Yes stump pressure | 1.2% (42/3535) | ||||
| Combined CEA and CABG | No (CEA only, prior CAD tx) | 1.3% (364/27387) | |||
| Yes (combined surgery) | 4.4% (137/3137) | <0.001 | 2.48 (1.93 - 3.18) | <0.001 | |
| Perioperative cerebral ischemic event | No periop neuro event | 1.4% (424/29979) | |||
| Yes periop neuro event | 13.1% (77/587) | <0.001 | 5.45 (3.98 - 7.47) | <0.001 | |
| Postoperative MI | No post-op MI | 1.5% (461/30252) | |||
| Yes post-op MI | 12.7% (40/314) | <0.001 | 4.51 (2.93 - 6.94) | <0.001 | |
| Postoperative dysrhythmia | No postop dysrhythmia | 1.4% (417/29604) | |||
| Yes postop dysrhythmia | 8.6% (80/933) | <0.001 | 2.22 (1.61 - 3.10) | <0.001 | |
| Postoperative CHF | No postop CHF | 1.5% (463/30 295) | |||
| Yes postop CHF | 13.6% (33/243) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.34 - 3.42) | 0.001 | |
| Cerebral reperfusion injury | No injury | 1.6% (479/30 472) | |||
| Yes injury | 25.8% (16/62) | <0.001 | 4.15 (2.02 - 8.52) | <0.001 | |
| Antiplatelet on D/C | No antiplatelet | 1.7% (486/29078) | 0.06 | ||
| Yes antiplatelet | 1.0% (15/1488) | ||||
| Statin on D/C | No statin | 6.3% (197/3124) | <0.001 | 8.91 (6.93 - 11.46) | <0.001 |
| Yes statin | 1.1% (304/27442) |
Abbreviations: CEA = carotid endarterectomy; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; Hx- = History of; CHF = Congestive Heart Failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D/C = discharge; EEG = electroencephalogram; CAD = coronary artery disease; Revasc = revascularization; MI = myocardial infarction; YR = year; Periop = perioperative.