Table 5.
Risks for Neurologic Ischemic Event During Operative Admission. Binary Logistic Regression Utilizing Univariable Risks for All Patients Included in Study.
| Variable | Perioperative Ischemic Neurological Event (n) | Univariable P-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age with neuro event | Mean age with neuro event | 69.74 (STDEV 9.60) | 0.981 | ||
| Mean age without neuro event | 69.74 (STDEV 9.09) | ||||
| Gender | Male | 1.9% (390/20823) | |||
| Female | 2.0% (197/9743) | 0.376 | |||
| Hx of smoking | No hx of smoking | 1.8% (133/7535) | |||
| Yes hx of smoking | 2.0% (454/23031) | .258 | |||
| Hx of htn | No HTN | 1.2% (21/1803) | |||
| Yes HTN | 2.0% (566/28763) | 0.016 | 1.71 (1.10 - 2.68) | 0.018 | |
| Hx of DM | No DM | 1.7% (291/16700) | |||
| Yes DM | 2.1% (296/13866) | 0.013 | 1.20 (1.01 - 1.42) | 0.035 | |
| Hx of CHF | No CHF | 1.9% (442/23876) | |||
| Yes CHF | 2.2% (145/6690) | 0.096 | |||
| Hx of COPD | No COPD | 1.9% (423/22612) | |||
| Yes COPD | 2.1% (164/7954) | 0.285 | |||
| Hx of renal insufficiency | No renal insufficiency | 1.9% (450/23525) | |||
| Yes renal insufficiency | 1.9% (137/7041) | 0.86 | |||
| Hx of anemia | No hx of anemia | 2.2% (71/3212) | |||
| Yes hx of anemia | 1.9% (516/27354) | 0.206 | |||
| Preoperative aspirin | No preop ASA | 2.3% (88/3890) | 0.096 | ||
| Yes preop ASA | 1.9% (499/26676) | ||||
| Preoperative statin | No preop statin | 2.4% (93/3842) | 0.016 | 1.29 (1.02 - 1.62) | 0.031 |
| Yes preop statin | 1.8% (494/26724) | ||||
| Symptomatic carotid lesion | No symptoms | 1.6% (364/23307) | |||
| Yes symptoms | 3.1% (223/7259) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.77 - 2.51) | <0.001 | |
| Anesthesia | Local/Regional | 1.3% (27/2155) | |||
| General anesthesia | 2.0% (560/28411) | 0.019 | 1.24 (0.83 - 1.86) | 0.296 | |
| Contralateral carotid stenosis >70% | No contralateral stenosis | 1.9% (471/24376) | 0.766 | ||
| Yes contralateral stenosis | 1.9% (116/6190) | ||||
| Patch use | No patch use | 2.0% (48/2444) | 0.87 | ||
| Yes patch use | 1.9% (539/28122) | ||||
| Shunt use | No shunt use | 2.1% (327/15496) | 0.014 | 1.18 (0.97 - 1.43) | 0.101 |
| Yes shunt use | 1.7% (260/15070) | ||||
| Protamine use | No protamine use | 2.2% (182/8376) | 0.049 | 1.22 (1.02 - 1.47) | 0.029 |
| Yes protamine use | 1.8% (404/22121) | ||||
| EEG use | No EEG use | 1.8% (396/21798) | |||
| Yes EEG use | 2.2% (191/8708) | 0.031 | 1.16 (0.95 - 1.43) | 0.148 | |
| Combined CEA and CABG | CEA only with prior CAD revasc | 1.7% (461/27387) | |||
| Yes combined CEA/CABG | 4.0% (126/3137) | <0.001 | 2.37 (1.89 - 2.97) | <0.001 | |
| Stump pressure use | No stump pressure | 2.0% (543/26967) | 0.002 | 1.41 (1.02 - 1.94) | 0.038 |
| Yes stump pressure use | 1.2% (44/3535) | ||||
| Postoperative MI | No postoperative MI | 1.9% (567/30252) | |||
| Yes postoperative MI | 6.4% (20/314) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.41 - 3.86) | 0.001 | |
| Hx of dysrhythmia | No dysrhythmia | 1.8% (535/29 604) | |||
| Yes dysrhythmia | 5.4% (50/933) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.07 - 2.17) | 0.019 | |
| Postoperative CHF | No postoperative CHF | 1.9% (565/30295) | |||
| Yes postoperative CHF | 8.2% (20/243) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.51 - 4.18) | <0.001 | |
| Cerebral reperfusion injury | No injury | 1.8% (553/30472) | |||
| Yes injury | 50% (31/62) | <0.001 | 40.58 (23.80 - 69.22) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CEA = carotid endarterectomy; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; Hx- = History of; CHF = Congestive Heart Failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D/C = discharge; EEG = electroencephalogram; CAD = coronary artery disease; Revasc = revascularization; MI = myocardial infarction.