FIGURE 2.

EV and Nanoparticle Composition of CSF. (a) Pooled human CSF from neurologically normal male and female living donors was fractionated by SEC and processed for TEM using a uranyl acetate negative staining protocol, according to methods in Li et al. (2017). Pooled CSF SEC fractions (Fxs) 6–9 (left) show particles that are of the expected size range of EVs (∼50–150 nm) and smaller nanoparticles (<50 nm), Fxs 10–13 (middle) and Fxs 14–17 (right) show an abundance of lipoproteins and proteins in CSF. (b). TEM showing immunogold labeling of human CSF EVs isolated with anti‐CD9 antibody conjugated with 10 nm immunogold. CSF‐derived EVs were separated with an affinity capture kit according to methods in Muraoka, Lin et al. (2020). Scale bars 200 nm.