. 2023 Jun 30;19(1):103–125. doi: 10.1177/17456916231179146

Table 1.

Key Evidence (Across Species) for the Primary Claims of the MMSS Framework

Claim	Region	Evidence strength	Primary evidence	Key citations
The same memory structure can support opposing computations.	Hippocampus	***	CA3 (TSP) supports a pattern-separated code. CA1 (MSP) supports an integrated code.	Lee et al. (2004) ^a Molitor et al. (2021) ^b
	Striatum	***	DLS activity marks “boundaries” between action sequences. DMS activity ramps up until decision is executed.	Thorn et al. (2010) ^a Vandaele et al. (2021) ^a
	Amygdala	**	BLA facilitates learning of stimulus-outcome links. CeA facilitates motivational responses/behavioral output.	Sias et al. (2021) ^a Fadok et al. (2017) ^a
The same memory structure can support both “specific” and “general” memory representations.	Hippocampus	***	TSP can support episodic memory (specific). MSP can support statistical learning (general).	Schlichting et al. (2014) ^b Schapiro et al. (2017) ^c Schlichting et al. (2021) ^b
	Striatum	**	DMS can support goal-directed behavior (specific). DLS can support habits (general).	McNamee et al. (2015) ^b Turner et al. (2022) ^a
	Amygdala	*	BLA supports specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. CeA supports general Pavlovian-instrumental transfer.	Corbit & Balleine (2005) ^a Prévost et al. (2012) ^b
Similar mnemonic computations are supported by distinct structures.	Hippocampus & Striatum	***	Hippocampus (subregion unspecified) and DMS are jointly involved in learning specific associations in context of spatial learning.	DeCoteau et al. (2007) ^a Brown et al. (2012) ^b
	Hippocampus & Amygdala	***	Hippocampus (subregion unspecified) and BLA facilitate specific associations in context of episodic/episodic-like memory.	Bass et al. (2014) ^a Inman et al. (2018) ^b
	Striatum & Amygdala	***	BLA and DMS support learning specific stimulus-response-outcome associations. CeA and DLS support formation of general habit memories.	Corbit et al. (2013) ^a Lingawi & Balleine (2012) ^a

Note: CA3 = cornu ammonis 3; TSP = trisynaptic pathway; CA1 = cornu ammonis 1; MSP = monosynaptic pathway; DLS = dorsolateral striatum; DMS = dorsomedial striatum; BLA = basolateral amygdala; CeA = central amygdala.

Evidence type is rodent.

Evidence type is human.

Evidence type is neural-network model.

Number of asterisks indicate relative strength of evidence (e.g., *** indicates strong evidence).