TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical profiles of the overall population with each type of meningitis.
| Characteristics | Bacterial | Viral (aseptic) | Fungal | Tuberculous | Carcinomatous | Others/unknown | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | |||||||
| Overall, n | 10,338 | 29,486 | 965 | 678 | 3790 | 3501 | 48,758 |
| Male, n (%) | 5879 (57) | 16,193 (55) | 563 (58) | 427 (63) | 1614 (43) | 1925 (55) | 26,601 (55) |
| Female, n (%) | 4459 (43) | 13,293 (45) | 402 (42) | 251 (37) | 2176 (57) | 1576 (45) | 22,157 (45) |
| 0 years old, n (%) | 1564 (15) | 1882 (6.4) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 370 (11) | 3819 (7.8) |
| Age on admission (years) a | |||||||
| Overall | 59 (24–75) | 30 (16–46) | 72 (60–80) | 65 (49–76) | 65 (55–72) | 42 (22–68) | 38 (20–64) |
| Survived | 55 (20–73) | 30 (15–45) | 71 (55–79) | 63 (48–74) | 64 (54–71) | 40 (21–66) | 36 (18–61) |
| Deceased | 77 (67–84) | 79 (71–84.5) | 78 (71.5–83) | 82 (73–86) | 67 (57–72) | 76 (67–84) | 71 (61–80) |
| BMI a | 20.8 (17.7–23.7) | 20.7 (18.0–23.5) | 20.4 (18.1–22.9) | 21.4 (18.9–23.9) | 20.5 (18.2–23.0) | 21.0 (18.1–24.1) | 20.7 (18.0–23.5) |
| IVS, n (%) | 4492 (43) | 3965 (13) | 379 (39) | 376 (55) | 2321 (61) | 853 (24) | 12,386 (25) |
| TCS, n (%) | 924 (8.9) | 64 (0.22) | 61 (6.3) | 40 (5.9) | 296 (7.8) | 195 (5.6) | 1580 (3.2) |
| THI, n (%) | 198 (1.9) | 76 (0.26) | 6 (0.62) | 5 (0.74) | 17 (0.45) | 39 (1.1) | 341 (0.70) |
| HIV, n (%) | 15 (0.15) | 35 (0.12) | 49 (5.1) | 4 (0.59) | 1 (0.03) | 5 (0.14) | 109 (0.22) |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 1182 (11) | 168 (0.57) | 17 (1.8) | 9 (1.3) | 12 (0.32) | 78 (22) | 1466 (3.0) |
| Deceased, n (%) | 980 (9.5) | 179 (0.61) | 207 (21) | 70 (10) | 1484 (39) | 162 (4.6) | 3082 (6.3) |
| Days of hospitalization, days a | |||||||
| Overall | 22 (12–44) | 9 (6–14) | 51 (26–89) | 46 (23–77) | 22 (12–36) | 12 (6–24) | 11 (7–22) |
| Survived | 23 (12–44) | 9 (6–14) | 54 (28–93) | 46.5 (23–76) | 19 (11–33) | 12 (6–23) | 11 (6–21) |
| Deceased | 18 (7–43) | 22 (11–48) | 40 (20–72) | 42 (18–86) | 25 (15–42) | 22.5 (10–47) | 24 (12–46) |
Note: The data are from the 47,366,222 hospitalization episodes at 1132 DPC‐covered hospitals in Japan between 2016 and 2022. The DPC database covered more than 70% of all hospitalization episodes in the country. The percentages were calculated using the overall number of patients with each type of meningitis.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DPC, Diagnosis Procedure Combination; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IVS, intravenous steroids; TCS, transcranial surgery; THI, traumatic head injury.
a
Median (interquartile range; 25–75 percentiles), including the motile cases.