Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of covariance testing.

Effect	Value	F test	Hypothesis df	Error df	P value
Intercept	0.36	6.29	2	22	.007
Sex	0.43	0.49	2	22	.62
Age	0.2	0.23	2	22	.8
Grade	0.06	0.72	2	22	.5
Finding problem awareness	0.42	3.09	4	46	.03
Demonstrating the value of problem awareness	0.37	2.65	4	46	.045
Proposing problem awareness	0.35	2.42	4	46	.06
Doubting awareness	0.07	0.4	4	46	.81
Exploring problem awareness	0.54	4.26	4	46	.005
Innovating awareness	0.33	2.3	4	46	.07
Thinking innovation	0.17	1.03	4	46	.40
Method innovation	0.19	1.15	4	46	.34
Application innovation	0.48	3.68	4	46	.01
Achievements of scientific research innovation	0.58	14.97	4	46	<.001