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. 2023 Dec 30;8(1):e2023GH000889. doi: 10.1029/2023GH000889

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© 2023 The Authors. GeoHealth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Environmental sampling sites and identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from the Kīlauea environment. (a) Map of soil (circles) and biofilm (squares) sampling locations, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Island. The pre‐2018 summit caldera is encircled in blue. Square symbols inside of a circle indicate locations where both soil and biofilm samples were collected. Inset: Photographs of NTM culture negative site 33 and NTM culture positive test site 41. (b) Photograph of a NTM culture positive steam vent, site 29. (c) An isolate with smooth colonies was cultured from soil collected at site 29 and is acid‐fast stain positive (1,000× total magnification). (d) The isolate was imaged using scanning electron microscopy (230,00× total magnification) and identified as M. abscessus by rpoB gene sequencing. NTM species diversity of (e) 18 isolates recovered from Kīlauea biofilms and (f) 41 isolates recovered from Kīlauea soil are shown.