Table 3.
Early postnatal characteristics among three groups.
| Variables | No BPD (n = 309) | Grade 1 (n = 73) | Grade 2–3 (n = 32) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory test (initial) | ||||
| LnIL-6, pg/ml, mean ± SD | 2.80 ± 1.90*,** | 3.30 ± 1.92*** | 4.88 ± 1.28 | <0.001**** |
| LnNT-proBNP, ng/ml, mean ± SD | 8.00 ± 1.14** | 8.32 ± 1.12 | 8.54 ± 1.07 | <0.001**** |
| WBC, ×109/L, median (P25–P75) | 7.09 (5.38, 9.76) | 7.31 (4.74, 9.54) | 7.34 (5.49, 11.8) | 0.67 |
| PH, mean ± SD | 7.27 ± 0.09** | 7.26 ± 0.11 | 7.2 ± 0.10 | <0.001**** |
| Glucose, mmol/L, median (P25–P75) | 3.4 (2.62, 4.5) | 3.7 (2.98, 4.79) | 3.83 (2.56, 4.62) | 0.275 |
| Cl, mmol/L, median (P25–P75) | 106 (104, 108) | 106 (103.5, 107.9) | 108 (103.6, 110.7) | 0.078 |
| Na, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 135.30 ± 2.70 | 135.43 ± 2.93 | 135.23 ± 3.43 | 0.927 |
| Complications | ||||
| RDS, n (%) | 298 (96.4) | 72 (98.6) | 31 (96.9) | 0.699 |
| HsPDA, n (%) | 27 (8.7)*,** | 24 (32.9) | 11 (34.4) | <0.001**** |
| RF, n (%) | 77 (24.9)*,** | 33 (45.2) | 20 (62.5) | <0.001**** |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 10 (3.2)** | 4 (5.5) | 4 (12.5) | 0.043**** |
| Pulmonary hemorrhage, n (%) | 7 (2.3)* | 7 (9.6) | 3 (9.4) | 0.004**** |
| IVH, n (%) | 167 (54)*,** | 53 (72.6) | 25 (78.1) | 0.001**** |
| WMI, n (%) | 257 (83.8) | 67 (91.8) | 27 (84.4) | 0.178 |
| NS, n (%) | 95 (30.7) | 31 (42.5) | 12 (37.5) | 0.134 |
| Respiratory support and treatment | ||||
| Initial FiO2, %, median (P25–P75) | 30 (25, 32)*,** | 30 (30, 40) | 40 (30, 43) | <0.001**** |
| Initial CPAP, n (%) | 174 (56.3)*,** | 21 (28.8) | 5 (15.6) | <0.001**** |
| Invasive ventilation, n (%) | 44 (14.2)*,** | 24 (32.9) | 18 (56.3) | <0.001**** |
| Caffeine, n (%) | 217 (70.2) | 59 (80.8) | 28 (87.5) | 0.031**** |
| Surfactant therapy, n (%) | 167 (54)** | 50 (68.5) | 26 (81.3) | <0.001**** |
LnIL-6, ln interleukin-6; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; WBC, white blood cell counts; PH, pH value; Cl, chloride concentration; Na, sodium concentration; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; HsPDA, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus; RF, respiratory failure; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; WMI, white matter injury; NS, neonatal sepsis; FiO2, fraction of inspiration O2; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; SD, standard deviation; P25–P75, percentiles 25–75.
P < 0.05, comparison between No BPD and Grade 1.
P < 0.05, comparison between No BPD and Grade 2–3.
P < 0.05, comparison between Grade 1 and Grade 2–3.
Comparison between the groups with significance.