Table 4.
Adjusted and Unadjusted Hazard Ratios of Death or HF Hospitalization
| Univariate model | Multivariable model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| Residual MR | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||
| MR 2+ vs MR 0+/1+ | 1.59 (1.30–1.95) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.09–1.80) | 0.01 |
| MR 3+/4+ vs MR 0+/1+ | 1.73 (1.15–2.60) | 0.008 | 1.85 (1.14–2.99) | 0.01 |
| Age >80 y | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.82 | 1.25 (0.98–1.59) | 0.07 |
| Male sex | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | 0.007 | 1.30 (1.03–1.65) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.36 | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | 0.50 |
| Diabetes | 1.26 (1.04–1.53) | 0.02 | 1.00 (0.79–1.28) | 0.97 |
| Smoker | 1.09 (0.77–1.55) | 0.62 | 0.80 (0.53–1.23) | 0.31 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.52 (1.17–1.97) | 0.002 | 1.23 (0.90–1.67) | 0.19 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.34 (1.10–1.63) | 0.003 | 1.39 (1.09–1.77) | 0.008 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1.54 (1.19–1.99) | 0.001 | 1.12 (0.82–1.51) | 0.48 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 1.47 (1.21–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.81–1.37) | 0.68 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 0.09 | 1.28 (0.94–1.73) | 0.12 |
| Prior stroke | 1.31 (1.01–1.70) | 0.04 | 1.09 (0.79–1.50) | 0.62 |
| Prior cardiac resynchronization therapy | 1.44 (1.10–1.87) | 0.007 | 1.18 (0.84–1.65) | 0.35 |
| HF hospitalization within 1 year | 1.94 (1.53–2.45) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.36–2.54) | <0.001 |
| NYHA functional class IV | 2.38 (1.94–2.92) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.42–2.36) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin <10 g/L | 1.98 (1.62–2.42) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.31–2.14) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 1.70 (1.42–2.04) | <0.001 | 1.24 (0.98–1.56) | 0.07 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide >500 pg/dL | 2.34 (1.90–2.89) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.46–2.35) | <0.001 |
| Renin–angiotensin inhibitor | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 0.03 | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 0.71 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.71 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.37 |
| Beta‐blocker | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 0.35 | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.58 |
| Functional MR | 1.65 (1.30–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) | 0.40 |
| LV end‐diastolic diameter >60 mm | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 0.06 | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.36 |
| LV ejection fraction <30% | 1.50 (1.23–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.11–1.97) | 0.007 |
| TR pressure gradient >35 mm Hg | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 0.04 | 0.91 (0.72–1.14) | 0.42 |
| Moderate/severe TR | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 0.06 | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | 0.68 |
eGFR indicates estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; and TR, tricuspid regurgitation.