Table 4.
Lipoprotein Particle Composition Versus CHD Risk
| Lipoprotein type | Particle composition, molecules/particle | A: adjusted for age and sex only | B: adjusted for age, sex, and other confounders | C: further adjusted for lipoprotein particle concentration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline mean | Usual SD | HR (99% CI) | LR χ2 | HR (99% CI) | LR χ2 | HR (99% CI) | LR χ2 | |
| VLDL | ||||||||
| Cholesterol | 5022.8 | 226.3 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 29.0 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 26.6 | 0.97 (0.90–1.03) | 1.9 |
| Cholesteryl esters | 3033.7 | 179.0 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | <0.1 | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 4.9 | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | <0.1 |
| Free cholesterol | 1989.1 | 129.3 | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | 118.1 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 48.7 | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 8.6 |
| Phospholipids | 3189.5 | 270.8 | 1.23 (1.17–1.28) | 134.7 | 1.14 (1.08–1.19) | 45.6 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 3.7 |
| Triglycerides | 5880.2 | 1394.6 | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | 36.3 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 3.0 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | 7.1 |
| IDL | ||||||||
| Cholesterol | 2716.4 | 185.8 | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) | 180.6 | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) | 65.0 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.1 |
| Cholesteryl esters | 2001.6 | 140.6 | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) | 184.2 | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) | 69.7 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.4 |
| Free cholesterol | 714.8 | 48.4 | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) | 116.5 | 0.90 (0.86–0.95) | 33.0 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.1 |
| Phospholipids | 945.8 | 56.3 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 40.4 | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 6.6 | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 2.8 |
| Triglycerides | 313.6 | 61.0 | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 47.4 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 15.1 | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 19.3 |
| LDL | ||||||||
| Cholesterol | 1445.5 | 71.0 | 0.85 (0.82–0.89) | 91.6 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 37.0 | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 0.8 |
| Cholesteryl esters | 1055.0 | 45.3 | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | 52.4 | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 22.7 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.8 |
| Free cholesterol | 390.5 | 32.4 | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) | 129.5 | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | 48.9 | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) | 0.3 |
| Phospholipids | 506.2 | 22.2 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) | 94.6 | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | 56.5 | 1.06 (0.98–1.14) | 4.0 |
| Triglycerides | 118.1 | 20.4 | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 47.6 | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 11.4 | 1.18 (1.10–1.26) | 34.4 |
| HDL | ||||||||
| Cholesterol | 87.0 | 9.9 | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | 240.5 | 0.81 (0.76–0.86) | 96.7 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 2.2 |
| Cholesteryl esters | 67.6 | 7.8 | 0.73 (0.69–0.76) | 283.8 | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | 125.4 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 5.0 |
| Free cholesterol | 19.4 | 2.2 | 0.85 (0.81–0.90) | 66.9 | 0.93 (0.89–0.99) | 10.6 | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.1 |
| Phospholipids | 102.1 | 7.1 | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | 63.3 | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 25.8 | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.9 |
| Triglycerides | 9.5 | 2.4 | 1.22 (1.18–1.27) | 174.9 | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | 81.0 | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 10.4 |
HRs per usual SD higher level of average molecules of the lipid per lipoprotein particle among 89 422 participants. HRs calculated by Cox proportional hazards models with: (A) stratification by age and sex; (B) model A with further adjustment for ethnicity, education, region, Townsend Deprivation Index, smoking, alcohol, and body mass index; and (C) model B with further adjustment for concentrations of VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles (not further adjusted for IDL concentration because of its high correlation with LDL concentration). LR χ2 improvement with the addition of the exposure variable to the model with stated adjustments. “Usual SD” was obtained from the baseline SD through multiplication by square root of the regression dilution ratio, representing an unbiased estimate of the long‐term average level in each baseline‐defined group. CHD indicates coronary heart disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; IDL, intermediate‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LR, likelihood ratio; and VLDL, very‐low‐density lipoprotein.