Figure 1.
Age-mediated and myocardial I/R injury–mediated changes in Gdf11 and Mstn expression (top) and experimental study design (bottom). (A) Age-dependent changes in myocardial Gdf11 and Mstn mRNA expression levels (n = 5/group). (B) Myocardial mRNA expression of Gdf11 and Mstn of aged mice subjected to I/R injury or respective controls (n = 5/group). (C) Experimental scheme. Young (3–4 months) and aged (22–24 months) C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receiving rGDF11 (0.1 mg/kg BW daily i.p.) or vehicle (CTRL) over 30 days, as reported previously.27 Following I/R injury, morphological analyses and targeted transcriptomics were performed. P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA (A) or unpaired Student’s t-test (B). Data in A and B are presented as violin plots (median and IQR) with single data points superimposed.