Table 2.
Prevalence of Hypertension by Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle and Clinical Characteristics and Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated Hypertension
| Variables | Total | No Hypertension | Hypertension | COR | 95% CI | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||||||
| Age group | |||||||||
| 14–40yrs | 205 | 179 | 87.32 | 26 | 12.68 | 1 | |||
| 41yrs and above | 201 | 136 | 67.66 | 65 | 32.34 | 3.29 | 1.98, 5.46 | <0.001*** | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 212 | 164 | 77.36 | 48 | 22.64 | 1 | |||
| Female | 194 | 151 | 77.84 | 43 | 22.16 | 0.97 | 0.61, 1.55 | 0.908 | |
| Religion | |||||||||
| None | 40 | 29 | 72.5 | 11 | 27.5 | 1 | |||
| Christian | 343 | 267 | 77.84 | 76 | 22.16 | 0.75 | 0.36, 1.57 | 0.447 | |
| Muslim | 23 | 19 | 77.59 | 4 | 17.39 | 0.56 | 0.15, 2 | 0.368 | |
| Occupation | |||||||||
| None | 25 | 19 | 76 | 6 | 24 | 1 | |||
| Business | 67 | 49 | 73.13 | 18 | 26.87 | 1.16 | 0.4, 3.37 | 0.781 | |
| Civil servant | 8 | 7 | 87.5 | 1 | 12.5 | 0.45 | 0.05, 4.46 | 0.497 | |
| Farmer | 306 | 240 | 78.34 | 66 | 21.57 | 0.87 | 0.33, 2.27 | 0.777 | |
| Education | |||||||||
| None | 37 | 31 | 83.78 | 6 | 16.22 | 1 | |||
| Primary | 275 | 212 | 77.09 | 63 | 22.91 | 1.53 | 0.61, 3.85 | 0.36 | |
| Secondary | 85 | 64 | 75.29 | 21 | 24.71 | 1.69 | 0.62, 4.62 | 0.303 | |
| Tertiary | 9 | 8 | 88.89 | 1 | 11.11 | 0.65 | 0.07, 6.16 | 0.704 | |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Single | 65 | 50 | 76.92 | 15 | 23.08 | 1 | |||
| Cohabiting | 48 | 40 | 83.33 | 8 | 16.67 | 0.67 | 0.26, 1.73 | 0.405 | |
| Married | 231 | 179 | 77.49 | 52 | 22.51 | 0.97 | 0.50, 1.86 | 0.923 | |
| Widowed | 41 | 30 | 73.17 | 11 | 26.83 | 1.22 | 0.5, 3.01 | 0.662 | |
| Divorced/Separated | 21 | 16 | 76.19 | 5 | 23.81 | 1.04 | 0.33, 3.32 | 0.945 | |
| Social category | |||||||||
| Category 1 | 111 | 82 | 73.87 | 29 | 26.13 | 1 | |||
| Category 2 | 199 | 154 | 77.39 | 45 | 22.61 | 0.83 | 0.48, 1.42 | 0.487 | |
| Category 3 | 96 | 79 | 82.29 | 17 | 17.71 | 0.61 | 0.31, 1.19 | 0.148 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| No | 260 | 216 | 83.08 | 44 | 16.92 | ||||
| Yes | 146 | 99 | 67.81 | 47 | 32.19 | 2.33 | 1.45, 3.75 | <0.001*** | |
| Tobacco use or smoking | |||||||||
| No | 376 | 307 | 81.65 | 69 | 18.35 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 30 | 8 | 26.67 | 22 | 73.33 | 12.24 | 5.23, 28.63 | <0.001*** | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Active | 291 | 221 | 75.95 | 70 | 24.05 | 1 | |||
| Less active | 115 | 94 | 81.74 | 21 | 18.26 | 3.08 | 1.03, 9.22 | 0.021* | |
| Family history of hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 395 | 310 | 78.48 | 85 | 21.52 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 11 | 5 | 45.54 | 6 | 54.55 | 4.38 | 1.3, 14.69 | 0.017* | |
| CD4 cell count (copies/mL) | |||||||||
| <200 copies/mL | 103 | 89 | 86.41 | 14 | 13.59 | 1 | |||
| 200–400 copies/mL | 129 | 97 | 75.19 | 32 | 24.81 | 0.84 | 0.71, 0.99 | 0.021* | |
| >400 copies/mL | 168 | 129 | 76.79 | 39 | 23.21 | 0.62 | 0.43, 0.88 | 0.013* | |
| Viral loads (copies/mL) | |||||||||
| Less than 1000 | 260 | 226 | 87 | 34 | 13 | 1 | |||
| More than 1000 | 146 | 109 | 74.7 | 37 | 25.3 | 2.32 | 0.12, 4.81 | 0.062 | |
| ART regimen | |||||||||
| TDF+3TC+EFV | 102 | 81 | 79.41 | 21 | 1 | ||||
| TDF+3TC | 80 | 57 | 71.25 | 23 | 28.75 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.08 | 0.054 | |
| ABC+3TC | 79 | 67 | 84.81 | 12 | 15.19 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.06 | 0.082 | |
| AZT+3TC+NVP | 98 | 76 | 77.55 | 22 | 22.45 | 0.84 | 0.67–1.05 | 0.056 | |
| AZT+3TC | 47 | 34 | 72.34 | 13 | 27.66 | 1.03 | 0.95, 1.13 | 0.124 | |
| Family history of diabetes | |||||||||
| No | 393 | 311 | 79.13 | 82 | 20.87 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 13 | 4 | 30.77 | 9 | 69.23 | 8.53 | 2.56, 28.41 | <0.001*** | |
| Being diabetic | |||||||||
| No | 400 | 314 | 78.5 | 86 | 21.5 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 6 | 1 | 16.67 | 5 | 83.33 | 2.1 | 1.83, 5.8 | 0.008** | |
| Duration living with HIV | |||||||||
| 0–3 years | 153 | 120 | 78.43 | 33 | 58 | ||||
| >3 years | 253 | 195 | 77.08 | 21.57 | 22.92 | 1.08 | 0.67,1.76 | 0.751 | |
| ART duration | |||||||||
| Less than 1 year | 132 | 100 | 75.76 | 32 | 24.24 | 1 | |||
| More than 1 year | 274 | 215 | 78.47 | 59 | 21.53 | 0.86 | 0.52,1.4 | 0.54 | |
| BMI | |||||||||
| Underweight | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Normal | 219 | 179 | 81.74 | 40 | 18.26 | 1 | |||
| Overweight & obese | 187 | 136 | 72.73 | 51 | 27.27 | 1.68 | 1.05,2.69 | 0.031* | |
Notes: *Significant at 5%, **Significant at 1%; ***Significant at 0.1%; Social category: This research solely enrolled individuals classified within the first (the poorest people) to third social categories (poor people) due to the absence of participants from higher categories in the ART sessions. Nonetheless, it’s worth noting that the study area predominantly comprises people falling within these initial three social categories.
Abbreviations: NA, Not applicable since there were not data on this variable; TDF, Tenofovir; EFV, Efavirenz; ABC, Abacavir; 3TC, Lamivudine; EFV, Efavirenz; NVP, Nevirapine, AZT, Zidovudine.