Table 1.
Development cohort characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 2827 | No LAT, N = 2603 (92.1%) |
LAT N = 224 (7.9%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 (59–73) | 66 (59–73) | 70 (63–78) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 1048 (37%) | 971 (37%) | 77 (34%) | .4 |
| Cardioversion (vs. ablation) | 1401 (50%) | 1218 (48%) | 183 (82%) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2495 (88%) | 2300 (88%) | 195 (87%) | .5 |
| Atrial flutter | 408 (14%) | 375 (14%) | 33 (15%) | .9 |
| Paroxysmal (vs. persistent) | 1181 (42%) | 1148 (44%) | 33 (15%) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 (26.0–33.0) | 29.2 (26.0–33.0) | 29.0 (26.0–32.0) | .13 |
| NYHA class | <.001 | |||
| I–II | 836 (30%) | 747 (29%) | 89 (40%) | |
| III | 252 (8.9%) | 202 (7.8%) | 50 (22%) | |
| IV | 34 (1.2%) | 28 (1.1%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| No HF | 1705 (60%) | 1626 (62%) | 79 (35%) | |
| Mitral stenosis | <.001 | |||
| Mild | 13 (0.5%) | 9 (0.3%) | 4 (1.8%) | |
| Moderate to severe | 14 (0.5%) | 9 (0.3%) | 5 (2.2%) | |
| History of stroke | .048 | |||
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 14 (0.5%) | 11 (0.4%) | 3 (1.3%) | |
| Ischaemic stroke | 175 (6.2%) | 156 (6.0%) | 19 (8.5%) | |
| No history of stroke | 2638 (93%) | 2436 (94%) | 202 (90%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 370 (13%) | 326 (13%) | 44 (20%) | .002 |
| Hypertension | 1862 (75%) | 1705 (75%) | 157 (76%) | .7 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 702 (25%) | 619 (24%) | 83 (37%) | <.001 |
| Labile INR | 68 (2.6%) | 50 (2.1%) | 18 (8.5%) | <.001 |
| Alcohol overuse | 122 (4.4%) | 100 (3.9%) | 22 (10%) | <.001 |
| Smoking | <.001 | |||
| Currently | 289 (10%) | 259 (10.0%) | 30 (13%) | |
| In the past | 682 (24%) | 609 (23%) | 73 (33%) | |
| Non-smoker | 1856 (66%) | 1735 (67%) | 121 (54%) | |
| Creatinine | 1.00 (0.90–1.20) | 1.00 (0.90–1.20) | 1.10 (0.90–1.21) | .008 |
| Left atrial AP dimension, mm | 45 (41–50) | 45 (41–49) | 48 (44–52) | <.001 |
| LVEF, % | 55 (45–60) | 55 (46–60) | 42 (30–51) | <.001 |
| Left atrial area, cm2 | 26 (22–30) | 26 (22–30) | 28 (25–33) | <.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 45 (36–56) | 45 (36–55) | 53 (43–63) | <.001 |
| Rhythm at the time of study | <.001 | |||
| Sinus rhythm | 778 (28%) | 766 (30%) | 12 (5.4%) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1805 (64%) | 1612 (62%) | 193 (87%) | |
| Atrial flutter | 227 (8.1%) | 211 (8.1%) | 16 (7.2%) | |
| On chronic OAC | 2394 (85%) | 2221 (86%) | 173 (77%) | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 4 (3–5) | <.001 |
Statistics presented: median (interquartile range) and n (%). The bold values represent statistically significant (P < .05) comparisons.
AP, anteroposterior; BMI, body mass index; HF, heart failure; INR, international normalized ratio; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OAC, oral anticoagulation.