Table 1.
Clinical research on combining and co-delivering strategies for cancer
| Combining or co-delivery drugs | Duration | Patient numbers | Efficacy | Study Phase | References | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Prednisone + Abiraterone Acetate vs. Prednisone + Placebo |
3.8 years |
Abiraterone Acetate (n = 143) Placebo (n = 71) |
Significantly prolonged the time to PSA. (P = 0.0002) | Phase 3 | – | NCT01695135 |
|
Docetaxel + Sunitinib vs. Docetaxel |
2.8 years |
Sunitinib (n = 296) Docetaxel (n = 297) |
Significantly increased the percentage of participants’ objective responses with CR and PR. (P = 0.0018) | Phase 3 | – | NCT00393939 |
|
ADT + Abiraterone Acetate + Prednisone vs. ADT + Placebo |
5.4 years |
Combine (n = 597) Placebo (n = 602) |
Significantly improved PFS and OS. (P < 0.0001) | Phase 3 | 485,486 | LATITUDE NCT01715285 |
|
Lapatinib + Trastuzumab vs. Lapatinib |
4.5 years |
Trastuzumab (n = 148) Lapatinib (n = 148) |
Prolonged PFS, improved or maintained near-term HRQOL, 4.5-month median OS. | Phase 3 | 487,488 | EGF104900 NCT00320385 |
|
Anastrozole + Fulvestrant vs. Anastrozole |
4 years |
Fulvestrant (n = 349) Anastrozole (n = 345) |
Increased long-term survival. | Phase 3 | 489 | NCT00075764 |
|
Erlotinib + Sunitinib vs. Erlotinib + Placebo |
18 weeks |
Sunitinib (n = 13) Placebo (n = 17) |
Well tolerated | Phase 2 | 490 | – |
|
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor + Lung Cancer Fang No. 1 vs. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor |
3.2 years | n = 40 | Decreased tumor markers, and elevated immune level (P < 0.05). 22.5% increase in DCR. | – | 491 | – |
|
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin + Bevacizumab vs. Gemcitabine and Cisplatin |
2 years | n = 50 | The total effective rate increased by 20%, the two-year survival rate increased by 22%, and the incidence of adverse reactions decreased. | – | 492 | – |
|
Azacitidine + Ivosidenib vs. Azacitidine + Placebo |
2 years |
Ivosidenib (n = 72) Placebo (n = 74) |
Significantly increased event-free survival. (P = 0.002) | Phase 3 | 493 | NCT03173248 |
|
Nab-Paclitaxel + Atezolizumab vs. Nab-Paclitaxel + Placebo |
2 years | n = 451 | Significantly prolonged PFS (P = 0.002) | Phase 3 | 494 | NCT02425891 |
| Liposome formulation of irinotecan and floxuridine CPX-1 | 28 days | n = 33 | Anti-tumor efficacy against advanced solid tumors | Phase 1 | 495 | – |
|
CPX-351: Daunorubicin and Cytarabine liposomes vs. 7 + 3: Daunorubicin and Cytarabine |
Treatment period 30 days; follow-up 5 years. |
CPX-351 (n = 153) 7 + 3 (n = 156) |
After 5-year follow-up, the improved overall survival with CPX-351 vs. 7 + 3 | Phase 3 | 19,100,496 | NCT01696084 |
|
Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Veliparib vs. Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + Placebo |
4 years |
Veliparib (n = 765) Placebo (n = 375) |
Significantly prolonged PFS. (P < 0.001) | Phase 3 | 497 | NCT02470585 |
|
Nivolumab + Ipilimumab vs. Ipilimumab or Nivolumab |
5 years |
Combine (n = 313) Ipilimumab (n = 311) Nivolumab (n = 313) |
Combine showed superior OS at 5 years, PFS, and ORR, with a better safety profile than other groups. | Phase 3 | 498,499 | NCT01844505 |
PSA prostate-specific antigen progression, CR complete response, PR partial response, ADT androgen deprivation therapy, PFS progression-free survival, OS overall survival, HRQOL health-related quality of life, DCR disease control rate, CPX-351 co-loaded liposomes of daunorubicin and cytarabine with a 1:5 molar ratio; 7 + 3, a routine of 7-day cytarabine and 3-day daunorubicin, ORR objective response rate