Table 2.
Genetic Modifications to Regulate OMVs Production
| Parental Bacteria | Genetic modification | Description | Relative vesicular production | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | ΔdegP, ΔdegS, ΔrseA | Cpx, or σE pathways-deregulated membrane stress responses | Improved yield | 52,53 |
| ΔnlpI | Deregulated anchored lipoprotein | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔompC, ΔompR, ΔompF | Deregulated outer membrane porin | Improved yield | 53 | |
| Δpnp | Deregulated polynucleotide phosphorylase | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔponB | Peptidoglycan synthesis | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔrmpM | Outer membrane integrity | Improved yield | 37 | |
| ΔtatC | Inner membrane secretion apparatus | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔtolA, ΔtolQ, ΔtolR, ΔtolB |
Outer membrane integrity and periplasmic protein | Improved yield | 48,53 | |
| ΔwaaG/rfaG | ClyA biosynthesis; Glucosyl transferase |
Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔwzxE, Δ wecF | Inner membrane integrity | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔyieM | Unclarified | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔypjM | Unclarified | Improved yield | 53 | |
| ΔglnA | Glutamine synthetase | Decreased yield | 53 | |
| ΔlysS/herC | Lysyl tRNA synthetase | Decreased yield | 53 | |
| ΔnlpA | Outer membrane lipoprotein | Decreased yield | 53 | |
| ΔpepP | Proline aminopeptidase | Decreased yield | 53 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | ΔBfmS | Unclarified | Improved yield | 50 |
| ΔAbOmpA | Outer membrane lipoprotein | Improved yield | 54 | |
| Campylobacter jejuni | ΔmlaA | Lipid accumulation in the outer membrane | Improved yield | 55 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ΔoprI, ΔoprF | Outer membrane lipoprotein | Improved yield | 56 |
| Serratia marcescens | ΔwecG, ΔwecD | Decreased accumulation of lipid I at the inner membrane | Improved yield | 57 |
| Bacillus subtilis | ΔxhlAB/ΔxlyA | Unclarified | No effect | 58 |
| ΔytCDEF | Unclarified | No effect | 58 | |
| Streptococcus mutants | Δsfp | Phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Improved yield | 59 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | ΔpstA1 | Increased outer membrane lipoprotein | Improved yield | 60,61 |
| ΔvirR | Unclarified | Improved yield | 60 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Insert Psmα | Membrane integrity | Decreased yield | 62 |
| ΔtagO, Δpbp4 | Decreased PG cross-linking | Improved yield | 62 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | ΔsigB | Membrane integrity | Improved yield | 63 |
| Shigella sonnei | ΔtolR | Inner membrane integrity | Improved yield | 64 |
| Vibrio cholera | ΔvacJ, ΔyrbE | Lipid accumulation in the outer membrane | Improved yield | 65 |
Δ means gene deletion