In vitro studies for comparison of the efficacy of EVs-AmB compared to free AmB. (A) The invasion of promastigotes into macrophages (at 1000X magnification); (B) The release of amastigotes from macrophages (at 1000X magnification); (C) Calculated IC50 for EVs-AmB and AmB; (D) The PI study results at 24, 48, and 72 hours; (E) The survival rate of macrophages incubated with different concentrations of AmB and EVs-AmB at different time points (n=3; Mean ± SD; uppercase letters are used to check the significance between drug concentrations in the same time frames for the same drug.
Lowercase letters are used to check the significance between drug concentrations in the different time frames for the same drug, and α and β letters are used to check the significance between two drug forms in the same time frames; different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05))