Table 3.
Relevant Parameters of WBRT Research in the AM-BM
| Cancer | Species | Injection method | Injection site | Cell line | Cell number/volume (cells/μl) | Irradiator | Irradiation time (days) | Dose/Fraction (Gy/F) | Dose rate (Gy/min) |
Effect (WBRT vs control) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSCLC | 7w Female athymic nude mice |
ICB | Left striatum | PC14PE6 H460 |
1.0×104/5 | Blood irradiator | 14 | 15/1 | 2.3 | Survival 24/22 days — | 75 |
| NSCLC | 6-8w Female athymic nude mice | ICD | NA | H2030-BrM | 5×104/100 | SARRP (X-Strahl Ltd, Camberley, UK) | After the detection of metastatic lesions by MRI | 10/5 10/1 |
5.2 cGy/s 220kV 13mA | Effects of WBRT on different TAM populations in BrM | 32 |
| Breast Cancer | 5-7w Female athymic nude mice | 1. ICD 2. ICB |
Right hemisphere | MDA-MB-231-BR | 1.1.75×105/NA 2.1×106/NA |
Pentak X-irradiator | 1)14-23 2)14 |
1)30/10 2)15/1 |
2.53 300 kV 10 mA |
30 Gy/10F significantly reduced intracranial metastases, while 15 Gy/1F was more beneficial for median survival | 76 |
| Breast Cancer | 6-8w Female nu/nu mice |
ICD | NA | MDA-MB-231-BR | 1.5×105/100 | modified GE eXplore CT 120 | 26 | 8/1 16/1 24/1 |
NA | Mean fractional growth of brain metastases↓ DSB ↑ γ-H2AX ↑ Cell density ↑ nuclear size ↑ |
79 |
| Breast Cancer | 6-7w Female BALB/c nu/nu mice | ICD | NA | MDA-MB-231-BR | 2×105/50 | X-RAD 320 orthovoltage irradiator | MRI indicates the brain metastases (about 3W) | 12/3 | 2.33 | Tumor volume ↓ Apoptosis ↑ |
52 |
| Breast Cancer | 10-12w Female C57BL6/J mice | ICD | NA | 99LN-BrM | 6×104/NA | SARRP | After the detection of metastatic lesions by MRI | 10/1 | 5.2 cGy/s 220 kV 13 mA |
WBRT (10 Gy/1F) reduced tumor volume with no significant difference in survival CC3 — Ki67 ↓ |
53 |
| Breast Cancer | 6-8w Female nude mice |
ICD | NA | MDA-MB-231-BR-HER2 | 1×105/100 | integrated micro-computed tomography (CT)/RT system | 24 and 25 | 20/2 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | Mean tumor volume ↓ the number of tumors — total tumor volume — γ-H2AX ↑(DSB) |
54 |
| Breast Cancer | 8 w Female nu/nu mice |
ICD | NA | MDA-231-Br | 1.75×105/100 | Xrad-225Cx irradiator (PXi, Cyceron platform) | 18 | 12/3 | 3.3 225 kV X-rays |
αVCAM-1 showed better tumor growth inhibition than WBRT | 87 |
|
1. NSCLC
2. Breast cancer |
4-6 w athymic nu/ nu (Harlan) C57BL/6 mice |
1. ICD 2. ICB |
1. NA 2. Right frontal cortex |
1.H2030-BrM 2.E0771-BrM3 |
1. 1×105/100 2.2.5×104/2 |
The irradiator Mark I 30 A | 1.7 (30 Gy/10F) 2.3 (30 Gy/10F) |
30/10 16.5/3 10/3 |
NA |
In vivo OS — in vitro S100A9 ↑; RAGE ↑; NF-kB↑; JunB↑; oncosphere CD55+↑ |
88 |