Table 3.
Mechanism of WRKY on metabolism of flavonoids.
| Species | WRKY name | Subgroup | Regulation of target gene | Regulation of biological | Target gene | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | AtWRKY41 | 3 | / | – | / | Negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis | (Duan et al., 2018) |
| Malus crabapple | McWRKY71 | 2c | + | + | McANR | Enhance proanthocyanidin biosynthesis | (Zhang et al., 2022b) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY75 | 2c | + | + | MdMYB1 | Enhance anthocyanin accumulation | (Su et al., 2022b) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY71-L | 2c | + | + | MdUFGT and MdMYB1 | Enhance anthocyanin accumulation | (Su et al., 2022a) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY40 | 2a | + | + | MdUFGT | Promote wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis | (An et al., 2019) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY11 | 2d | + | + | MdUFGT | Enhance anthocyanin accumulation | (Liu et al., 2019a) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY41 | 3 | – | – | MdANR, MdUFGT and MdMYB12 | Negatively regulates anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis | (Mao et al., 2021) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY72 | 2b | + | + | MdHY5 and MdMYB1 | Enhance anthocyanin accumulation | (Hu et al., 2020) |
| Malus domestica | MdWRKY1 | 2d | / | + | / | Enhance anthocyanin accumulation | (Ma et al., 2021a) |
| Vitis vinifera | VvWRKY26 | 1 | + | + | VvCHI | Improved activation efficiency and flavonoid accumulation | (Amato et al., 2019) |
| Vitis vinifera | VqWRKY56 | 2b | + | + | VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR | Promote proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and increase resistance to powdery mildew | (Wang et al., 2023d) |
| Pyrus L. | PpWRKY44 | 1 | + | + | PpMYB10 | Stimulating anthocyanins | (Alabd et al., 2022) |
| Pyrus bretschneideri | PbWRKY75 | 2c | + | + | PbDFR, PbUFGT, and PbMYB10b | Promote anthocyanin synthesis | (Cong et al., 2021) |
| Pyrus L. | PyWRKY26 | 1 | + | + | PyMYB114 | Promote anthocyanin synthesis | (Li et al., 2020a) |
ANR, anthocyanin reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; HY, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL; LAR, leucine anthocyanin reductase; MYB, myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog; UFGT, flavonoid 3-O-glycosyl-transferase. The ‘+’ represents positive regulation, the ‘-’ represents negative regulation, and the ‘/’ represents unknown.