Table 2.
Comparison between acute aluminum phosphide poisoned groups regarding initial clinical assessment and laboratory investigations (n = 94).
| ICU admitted (n = 84) |
Non-ICU admitted (n = 10) | P-value | Non-survivors (n = 68) |
Survivors (n = 26) |
P-value | Total (n = 94) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pulse rate (b/min)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
90.1 ± 22.0 (36.0–148.0) |
93.4 ± 18.3 (63.0–120.0) |
0.648 t | 87.0 ± 21.2 (36.0–136.0) |
99.4 ± 20.1 (63.0–148.0) |
0.012* t | 90.4 ± 21.5 (36.0–148.0) |
|
SBP (mmHg)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
70.0 [40.0–90.0] (40.0–150.0) |
85.0 [80.0–90.0] (70.0–160.0) |
0.021* Z | 70.0 [40.0–80.0] (40.0–150.0) |
90.0 [80.0–110.0] (40.0–160.0) |
<0.001* Z | 80.0 [40.0–90.0] (40.0–160.0) |
|
DBP (mmHg)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
40.0 [20.0–50.0] (20.0–100.0) |
55.0 [50.0–60.0] (30.0–90.0) |
0.014* Z | 35.0 [20.0–50.0] (20.0–100.0) |
55.0 [50.0–60.0] (20.0–100.0) |
<0.001* Z | 40.0 [20.0–50.0] (20.0–100.0) |
|
MAP (mmHg)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
53.3 [26.7–63.3] (26.7–116.7) |
65.0 [60.0–70.0] (46.7–113.3) |
0.019* Z | 48.3 [26.7–56.7] (26.7–116.7) |
70.0 [60.0–76.7] (26.7–116.7) |
<0.001* Z | 53.3 [26.7–70.0] (26.7–116.7) |
|
RR (cycle/minute)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
27.1 ± 6.7 (16.0–48.0) |
19.2 ± 4.4 (15.0–30.0) |
<0.001* t | 28.5 ± 6.1 (16.0–48.0) |
20.4 ± 5.3 (15.0–40.0) |
<0.001* t | 26.3 ± 6.9 (15.0–48.0) |
|
GCS
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
15 [15–15] (3–15) |
15 [15–15] (15–15) |
0.204 Z | 15 [15–15] (3–15) |
15 [15–15] (15–15) |
0.023* Z | 15 [15–15] (3–15) |
|
O
2
saturation (%)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
88.6 ± 11.3 (35.0–100.0) |
97.2 ± 2.0 (93.0–99.0) |
<0.001* t | 87.0 ± 11.8 (35.0–100.0) |
96.2 ± 3.4 (86.0–100.0) |
<0.001* t | 89.6 ± 11.0 (35.0–100.0) |
|
pH
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
7.34 [7.27–7.40] (7.03–7.55) |
7.38 [7.33–7.45] (7.30–7.48) |
0.100 Z |
7.31 [7.25–7.37] (7.03–7.55) |
7.40 [7.35–7.45] (7.12–7.52) |
<0.001 * Z | 7.35 [7.28–7.40] (7.03–7.55) |
|
HCO
3
(mmol/L)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
13.1 [10.5–16.6] (6.5–26.0) |
16.6 [14.2–18.0] (12.0–19.9) |
0.033* Z | 12.8 [10.3–15.5] (6.5–26.0) |
17.5 [14.2–19.9] (9.2–23.0) |
<0.001* Z | 13.8 [10.6–17.4] (6.5–26.0) |
|
PaCO
2
(mmHg)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
24.3 [19.1–32.9] (11.0–49.0) |
23.9 [21.5–38.0] (14.3–42.1) |
0.516 Z |
23.6 [18.7–31.9] (11.0–49.0) |
27.0 [22.0–34.6] (14.2–42.1) |
0.147 Z |
24.3 [19.4–33.7] (11.0–49.0) |
|
K level (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
3.57 ± 0.50 (2.10–5.20) |
3.82 ± 0.48 (3.08–4.59) |
0.130 t |
3.53 ± 0.44 (2.80–4.40) |
3.77 ± 0.61 (2.10–5.20) |
0.034* t | 3.60 ± 0.50 (2.10–5.20) |
|
Na level (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
141.2 ± 5.4 (130.0–165.5) |
141.6 ± 4.2 (135.6–150.0) |
0.814 t | 141.0 ± 5.3 (130.0–165.5) |
141.7 ± 5.5 (133.0–155.5) |
0.610 t | 141.2 ± 5.3 (130.0–165.5) |
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
1.10 [1.00–1.30] (0.60–2.10) |
1.00 [1.00–1.20] (0.90–1.20) |
0.303 Z |
1.15 [1.00–1.35] (0.60–2.10) |
1.00 [0.90–1.20] (0.60–1.60) |
0.006* Z | 1.10 [1.00–1.30] (0.60–2.10) |
|
Blood urea (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) |
36.9 ± 11.5 (16.0–85.0) |
33.6 ± 7.3 (20.0–47.0) |
0.376 t |
37.6 ± 11.8 (16.0–85.0) |
34.0 ± 9.2 (20.0–51.0) |
0.162 t |
36.6 ± 11.2 (16.0–85.0) |
|
AST (U/L)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
29.0 [15.0–35.5] (7.0–150.0) |
25.0 [16.0–36.0] (15.0–74.0) |
0.801 Z | 30.0 [15.0–39.5] (7.0–150.0) |
25.0 [16.0–32.0] (10.0–74.0) |
0.337 Z |
29.0 [15.0–36.0] (7.0–150.0) |
|
ALT (U/L)
Median [IQR] (Min–Max) |
24.0 [15.5–33.0] (7.0–161.0) |
19.5 [16.0–35.0] (12.0–54.0) |
0.717 Z |
26.5 [15.5–34.5] (8.0–161.0) |
18.0 [16.0–27.0] (7.0–54.0) |
0.196 Z |
23.0 [16.0–33.0] (7.0–161.0) |
n: number, IQR: interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles), Min: minimum, Max: maximum, SD: standard deviation, t: Independent samples T-test, Z: Mann–Whitney test, ICU: Intensive Care Unit, b/min: beats/minute, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, MAP: mean arterial pressure, RR: respiratory rate, GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale, O2 saturation: oxygen saturation, HCO3: serum bicarbonate, PaCO2: partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure, K: potassium, Na: Sodium, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, *significant at P < 0.05.