Table 2.
Comparison of the subgroups of adolescents with obesity with BMI-SDS reduction vs. increase/no change of the BMI-SDS during the follow up.
| Parameter | BMI-SDS increase/no change | BMI-SDS decrease | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline data | |||
| Age (years) | 16.61 ± 0.89 (71) | 16.57 ± 0.97 (73) | 0.786 |
| Sex (% of girls) | 50.7 (73) | 43.8 (71) | 0.504 |
| Weight (kg) | 102 ± 25.25 (71) | 103.61 ± 17.56 (73) | 0.660 |
| Height (cm) | 172.68 ± 9.42 (71) | 173.58 ± 9.62 (73) | 0.570 |
| Height SDS | 0.07 ± 1.18 (71) | 0.06 ± 0.97 (73) | 0.955 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.08 ± 7.43 (71) | 34.29 ± 4.74 (73) | 0.841 |
| BMI SDS | 4.91 ± 2.76 (71) | 4.97 ± 1.77 (73) | 0.890 |
| TSH (mU/l)* | 2.73; 1.9-3.9 (71) | 2.23; 1.59-3.19 (71) | 0.005 |
| FT4 (pmol/l) | 15.49 ± 2.74 (71) | 14.66 ± 2.2 (73) | 0.048 |
| FT3 (pmol/l) | 6.09 ± 1.22 (27) | 6.24 ± 1.04 (41) | 0.607 |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/l)* | 4.8; 4.5-5.2 (64) | 4.8; 4.5-5.1 (64) | 0.907 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 3.8 ± 1.03 (59) | 3.91 ± 0.81 (52) | 0.541 |
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 62.55 ± 10.52 (65) | 64.6 ± 11.04 (72) | 0.271 |
| Uric acid (μmol/l) | 368.8 ± 87.93 (64) | 392.29 ± 89.28 (70) | 0.128 |
| Total serum proteins (g/l) | 72.34 ± 4.22 (25) | 73.74 ± 5.81 (18) | 0.364 |
| AST (μkat/l)* | 0.37; 0.32-0.53 (64) | 0.4; 0.34-0.5 (68) | 0.651 |
| ALT (μkat/l)* | 0.43; 0.26-0.62 (66) | 0.46; 0.35-0.73 (69) | 0.316 |
| GGT (μkat/l)* | 0.305; 0.2-0.46 (26) | 0.37; 0.28-0.49 (30) | 0.537 |
| ALP (μkat/l)* | 1.5; 1.27-2 (40) | 1.63; 1.33-1.93 (40) | 0.557 |
| Total-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.25 ± 1.09 (62) | 4.07 ± 0.72 (66) | 0.300 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.14 ± 0.23 (55) | 1.11 ± 0.27 (64) | 0.477 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.78 ± 0.82 (54) | 2.6 ± 0.64 (64) | 0.192 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.29 ± 0.54 (62) | 1.33 ± 0.63 (66) | 0.698 |
| Insulin (mU/l) | 30.67 ± 25.08 (33) | 30.58 ± 25.9 (48) | 0.987 |
| High Sugar score | 5.57 ± 1.37 (6) | 5.25 ± 1.01 (6) | 0.647 |
| High Complex Carbohydrate score | 6 ± 0.97 (6) | 5.35 ± 0.9 (6) | 0.259 |
| High Protein score | 5.6 ± 0.91 (6) | 5.23 ± 2.17 (6) | 0.710 |
| High Fat score | 5.5 ± 0.86 (6) | 5.41 ± 1.23 (6) | 0.882 |
| Low Fiber score | 5.9 ± 0.9 (5) | 5.39 ± 2.05 (4) | 0.631 |
| Score for foods cotaining ≥1.5g of Saturated FA per 100g | 5.55 ± 0.81 (5) | 5.35 ± 1.58 (4) | 0.805 |
| Score for foods cotaining ≥1.5g of Polysaturated FA per 100g | 5.6 ± 0.81 (5) | 5.47 ± 1.48 (4) | 0.869 |
| Score for foods cotaining ≥1.5g of Monosaturated FA per 100g | 5.68 ± 0.83 (5) | 5.35 ± 1.41 (4) | 0.674 |
| Follow-up data | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.59 ± 7.74 (71) | 32.63 ± 4.81 (73) | 0.007 |
| BMI SDS | 5.46 ± 2.87 (71) | 4.33 ± 1.8 (73) | 0.006 |
| Duration of the follow-up (years) | 5.52 ± 2.04 (71) | 5.16 ± 1.80 (73) | 0.271 |
| BMI change | 1.51 ± 1.5 (71) | -1.66 ± 1.63 (73) | <0.001 |
| BMI-SDS change | 0.55 ± 0.56 (71) | -0.63 ± 0.6 (73) | <0.001 |
| BMI-SDS change per year | 1.27 ± 1.24 (71) | -1.59 ± 1.59 (73) | <0.001 |
*Non-normally distributed data (TSH, fasting serum glucose, AST, ALT, GGT and ALP) are presented as the median and interquartile range, and were log-transformed prior t-test. TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT4, free thyroxine; FT3, free triiodothyronine; BMI, body mass index; SDS, standard deviation score; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; FA, fatty acids. Value in parentheses (number of participants). P value was calculated in t-test for the difference between populations of adolescents with obesity and 1. children with obesity and 2. non-obese adolescents. All significant values (p<0.05) are in bold.