Table 1.

Causes of limbal stem cell deficiency

Genetic disease	Acquired immune-mediated	Acquired nonimmune-mediated	Others
Congenital aniridia	Steven-Johnson syndrome	Chemical/thermal injury	Ocular surface tumors
Keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome	Toxic necrolysis	Radiation injury	Drug-induced LSCD
Xeroderma pigmentosum	Mucous membrane pemphigoid	Contact lens wear	Idiopathic
Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome	Vernal/atopic keratoconjunctivitis	Multiple limbal surgeries
Dyskeratosis congenita	Graft-vs-host disease	Bullous keratopathy
Peter’s anomaly		Chronic lid diseases
		Infectious ocular diseases

LSCD: Limbal stem cell deficiency.