Table 1.

Overview of three-stage DEA-Malmquist model.

Stage	Input Indicators	Output Indicators
Capital Accumulation Stage	- Cash and deposits with the central bank (in billion yuan) <br> − Share capital (in billion yuan) <br> − Deposits received (in billion yuan)	- Core capital adequacy ratio (%) <br> − Capital adequacy ratio (%)
Loan Distribution Stage	- Loan-to-deposit ratio <br> − Provision coverage ratio of non-performing loans (%) <br> − Total loan amount (in billions of yuan)
Profit Generation Stage	- Growth in client loans and advances (in billions of yuan) <br> − Overall loan amount (as an intermediate variable)	- Net interest income (Billion yuan)