Table 2.

EPANET simulation model for DMA-1.

Parameter	Value
Distribution mains	ductile iron pipe, nominal diameter 250 mm HDPE pipe, nominal diameter 160 mm length 1325 m
Branch pipe	HDPE pipes, nominal diameters 90 mm or 63 mm length 5323 m
Number of pipes	148
Hazen Williams C	100 for DI pipes and 140 for the HDPE pipes
Ground levels	7 m at the DMA inlet, 5–9 m at the junctions
Water head at the inlet	Varied at five levels between 22 m and 32 m
Number of nodes (junctions)	121
Node demand (base demand)	Varied at five levels in 16.26–23.64 m3/d The total demand was allocated equally to all nodes.
Emitter coefficient	Simulated at three levels: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 Assigned to all nodes.

Note: The EPANET model is based on the DMA design map; hence, the total pipe length of the model (6648 m) was shorter than the final pipe length of DMA-1 (9141 m).