Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of study variables in both treatment conditions at all measurement occasions
| T1 – Baseline | T2–3 months after | T3–9 months after | T4–15 months after | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | M (SD) / % | n | M (SD) / % | n | M (SD) / % | n | M (SD) / % | |
| Youth resilience (Y) | 98 | 3.76 (0.53) | 77 | 3.73 (0.56) | 76 | 3.68 (0.63) | 74 | 3.66 (0.62) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 3.52 (0.48) | 27 | 3.54 (0.68) | 25 | 3.38 (0.76) | 24 | 3.38 (0.68) |
| InConnection | 69 | 3.87 (0.51) | 50 | 3.82 (0.45) | 51 | 3.82 (0.51) | 50 | 3.80 (0.55) |
| Youth well-being (Y) | 98 | 2.73 (1.17) | 77 | 2.79 (1.17) | 76 | 2.72 (1.24) | 74 | 2.59 (1.24) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 2.57 (1.28) | 27 | 2.47 (1.36) | 25 | 2.50 (1.26) | 24 | 2.23 (1.25) |
| InConnection | 69 | 2.79 (1.13) | 50 | 2.96 (1.03) | 51 | 2.82 (1.23) | 50 | 2.76 (1.20) |
| Youth emotional/behavioral problems (Y) | 98 | 0.68 (0.39) | 77 | 0.62 (0.33) | 76 | 0.62 (0.34) | 74 | 0.62 (0.36) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 0.69 (0.38) | 27 | 0.68 (0.36) | 25 | 0.72 (0.38) | 24 | 0.67 (0.38) |
| InConnection | 69 | 0.68 (0.40) | 50 | 0.59 (0.31) | 51 | 0.57 (0.30) | 50 | 0.59 (0.35) |
| Youth emotional/behavioral problems (P) | 85 | 1.00 (0.43) | 63 | 0.92 (0.38) | 73 | 0.91 (0.37) | 66 | 0.87 (0.40) |
| Care as usual | 31 | 0.91 (0.41) | 22 | 0.89 (0.44) | 28 | 0.92 (0.33) | 26 | 0.95 (0.34) |
| InConnection | 54 | 1.05 (0.44) | 41 | 0.93 (0.35) | 45 | 0.90 (0.39) | 40 | 0.82 (0.44) |
| Risk of child unsafety (C) | 105 | 5.07 (2.96) | 72 | 4.78 (3.40) | 77 | 4.23 (3.19) | 51 | 3.43 (2.60) |
| Care as usual | 34 | 4.65 (3.20) | 25 | 5.00 (3.63) | 26 | 4.31 (3.67) | 15 | 2.67 (2.82) |
| InConnection | 71 | 5.27 (2.84) | 47 | 4.66 (3.30) | 51 | 4.20 (2.96) | 36 | 3.75 (4.00) |
| Out-of-home placements: Yes (Y) | - | - | 76 | 14.5% | 75 | 13.3% | 74 | 12.2% |
| Care as usual | - | - | 26 | 15.4% | 25 | 8.0% | 24 | 20.8% |
| InConnection | - | - | 50 | 14.0% | 50 | 16.0% | 50 | 8.0% |
| Parent-child relationship quality (Y) | 93 | 2.85 (0.67) | 73 | 2.94 (0.64) | 72 | 2.87 (0.61) | 68 | 2.83 (0.70) |
| Care as usual | 26 | 2.75 (0.72) | 24 | 2.88 (0.71) | 25 | 2.75 (0.60) | 22 | 2.88 (0.62) |
| InConnection | 67 | 2.89 (0.65) | 49 | 2.96 (0.61) | 47 | 2.93 (0.61) | 46 | 2.80 (0.75) |
| Parent-child relationship quality (P) | 85 | 3.11 (0.47) | 63 | 3.01 (0.61) | 73 | 3.16 (0.49) | 67 | 3.08 (0.56) |
| Care as usual | 31 | 3.09 (0.49) | 22 | 3.11 (0.55) | 28 | 3.12 (0.56) | 26 | 3.06 (0.54) |
| InConnection | 54 | 3.12 (0.46) | 41 | 3.00 (0.64) | 45 | 3.19 (0.46) | 41 | 3.10 (0.57) |
| Parental resilience (P) | 83 | 4.08 (0.52) | 60 | 4.02 (0.49) | 71 | 4.02 (0.49) | 66 | 4.05 (0.55) |
| Care as usual | 30 | 4.12 (0.54) | 21 | 4.06 (0.50) | 26 | 4.06 (0.50) | 25 | 4.04 (0.54) |
| InConnection | 53 | 4.06 (0.51) | 39 | 4.00 (0.49) | 45 | 3.99 (0.50) | 41 | 4.06 (0.57) |
| Parental well-being (P) | 63 | 2.93 (1.20) | 52 | 2.97 (1.04) | 71 | 2.95 (1.05) | 63 | 2.72 (0.93) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 2.98 (1.17) | 21 | 3.04 (1.06) | 26 | 2.96 (0.99) | 25 | 2.78 (0.73) |
| InConnection | 34 | 2.88 (1.24) | 31 | 2.92 (1.04) | 45 | 2.95 (1.10) | 38 | 2.67 (1.05) |
| Parental empowerment (P) | 80 | 3.90 (0.59) | 59 | 3.85 (0.49) | 70 | 3.91 (0.50) | 65 | 3.91 (0.58) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 3.84 (0.76) | 21 | 3.77 (0.53) | 26 | 3.80 (0.55) | 25 | 3.71 (0.66) |
| InConnection | 51 | 3.94 (0.48) | 38 | 3.90 (0.46) | 44 | 3.98 (0.45) | 40 | 4.03 (0.49) |
| Positive parenting (P) | 87 | 4.05 (0.60) | 65 | 4.00 (0.69) | 75 | 4.17 (0.59) | 69 | 4.13 (0.55) |
| Care as usual | 33 | 4.15 (0.60) | 24 | 4.04 (0.49) | 30 | 4.09 (0.62) | 28 | 4.04 (0.51) |
| InConnection | 54 | 3.99 (0.60) | 41 | 3.98 (0.78) | 45 | 4.23 (0.56) | 41 | 4.20 (0.57) |
| Poor supervision (P) | 87 | 2.34 (1.04) | 64 | 2.34 (1.20) | 75 | 2.39 (1.13) | 66 | 2.42 (1.02) |
| Care as usual | 33 | 2.26 (1.02) | 24 | 2.73 (1.32) | 30 | 2.67 (1.27) | 28 | 2.59 (1.03) |
| InConnection | 54 | 2.39 (1.05) | 40 | 2.10 (1.08) | 45 | 2.20 (1.01) | 38 | 2.29 (1.01) |
| Inconsistent discipline (P) | 86 | 2.71 (0.90) | 65 | 2.58 (0.77) | 75 | 2.50 (0.82) | 66 | 2.55 (0.79) |
| Care as usual | 32 | 2.69 (0.79) | 24 | 2.54 (0.67) | 30 | 2.46 (0.72) | 28 | 2.58 (0.77) |
| InConnection | 54 | 2.72 (0.96) | 41 | 2.60 (0.82) | 45 | 2.53 (0.88) | 38 | 2.52 (0.81) |
| Social resourcefulness (Y) | 98 | 2.11 (0.67) | 76 | 2.24 (0.63) | 75 | 2.13 (0.70) | 73 | 2.16 (0.69) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 2.02 (0.61) | 26 | 2.22 (0.70) | 25 | 1.99 (0.75) | 23 | 2.18 (0.81) |
| InConnection | 69 | 2.14 (0.70) | 50 | 2.25 (2.59) | 50 | 2.20 (0.67) | 50 | 2.16 (0.64) |
| Shared-decision making (Y) | 91 | 6.88 (2.47) | 74 | 6.80 (2.11) | 58 | 7.26 (2.29) | 53 | 6.78 (2.27) |
| Care as usual | 28 | 5.81 (3.10) | 26 | 6.21 (2.67) | 16 | 6.91 (2.45) | 18 | 5.97 (2.95) |
| InConnection | 63 | 7.35 (1.99) | 48 | 7.11 (1.68) | 42 | 7.39 (2.24) | 35 | 7.20 (1.74) |
| Shared-decision making (P) | 77 | 7.47 (1.98) | 36 | 6.74 (1.87) | 50 | 7.80 (1.85) | 17 | 7.24 (1.59) |
| Care as usual | 28 | 7.82 (2.09) | 18 | 7.00 (1.89) | 20 | 7.80 (2.01) | 6 | 7.75 (1.89) |
| InConnection | 49 | 7.27 (1.91) | 18 | 6.47 (1.87) | 30 | 7.80 (1.77) | 11 | 6.95 (1.42) |
| Treatment motivation (Y) | 96 | 3.58 (0.65) | 74 | 3.56 (0.72) | 57 | 3.49 (0.88) | 54 | 3.53 (0.82) |
| Care as usual | 29 | 3.74 (0.71) | 26 | 3.76 (0.87) | 16 | 3.42 (0.97) | 18 | 3.65 (0.95) |
| InConnection | 67 | 3.51 (0.61) | 48 | 3.45 (0.61) | 41 | 3.52 (0.85) | 36 | 3.47 (0.76) |
Note. Y = reported by youth; P = reported by parents; C = reported by case managers