Table 4.

Markwalder classification

Grade	Description
0	Patient neurologically normal
1	Patient alert and oriented; mild symptoms such as headache; absent or mild neurological deficit, such as reflex asymmetry
2	Patient drowsy or disoriented with variable neurological deficit, such as hemiparesis
3	Patient stuporous but responding appropriately to noxious stimuli; severe focal signs, such as hemiplegia
4	Patient comatose with absent motor responses to painful stimuli; decerebrate or decorticate posturing