Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by insulin resistance and gender
| Male | P‐value | Female | P‐value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR positive | IR negative | IR positive | IR negative | |||
| N | 244 | 1,288 | 177 | 836 | ||
| Age, years | 55.3 ± 16.5 | 55.7 ± 14.1 | 0.737 | 66.5 ± 13.8 | 61.8 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, year | 4.5 ± 5.9 | 5.3 ± 6.2 | 0.483 | 7.5 ± 6.2 | 9.0 ± 6.5 | 0.285 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 60.1 | 42.3 | <0.001 | 65.5 | 50.1 | 0.004 |
| Height, cm | 169.7 ± 6.2 | 169.0 ± 7.8 | 0.167 | 156.1 ± 5.9 | 156.6 ± 7.7 | 0.439 |
| Weight, cm | 76.4 ± 18.1 | 69.1 ± 12.7 | <0.001 | 61.9 ± 12.2 | 58.1 ± 12.0 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.3 ± 5.2 | 24.4 ± 11.2 | 0.013 | 25.3 ± 4.4 | 24.0 ± 9.9 | 0.096 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 92.9 ± 12.7 | 88.1 ± 22.9 | <0.001 | 88.3 ± 10.1 | 84.5 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 147.0 ± 23.7 | 138.5 ± 26.5 | <0.001 | 149.0 ± 25.8 | 142.6 ± 27.8 | 0.005 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 87.3 ± 7.3 | 84.1 ± 24.9 | 0.045 | 82.5 ± 7.9 | 82.0 ± 7.9 | 0.407 |
| Current smoking, % | 40.2 | 41.8 | 1.000 | 0 | 1.3 | 0.601 |
| Current drinking, % | 11.3 | 10.2 | 0.726 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.504 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, mmol/L | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.5 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 9.4 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 8.1 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 8.4 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| 2 h PPG, mmol/L | 16.1 ± 3.8 | 16.3 ± 3.8 | 0.357 | 17.1 ± 4.0 | 17.2 ± 3.9 | 0.744 |
| FCP, ng/mL | 2.04 ± 0.98 | 0.66 ± 0.37 | <0.001 | 1.96 ± 0.76 | 0.65 ± 0.37 | <0.001 |
| 2 h PCP, ng/mL | 4.67 ± 2.58 | 2.54 ± 1.84 | <0.001 | 4.78 ± 2.69 | 2.41 ± 1.79 | <0.001 |
| HOMA‐IR | 3.45 ± 1.43 | 2.00 ± 0.29 | <0.001 | 3.37 ± 0.72 | 2.02 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 40.9 ± 5.4 | 40.4 ± 4.2 | 0.144 | 41.3 ± 6.13 | 39.7 ± 3.74 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 102.0 ± 76.9 | 75.3 ± 28.7 | <0.001 | 74.1 ± 40.9 | 58.2 ± 33.7 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 421.9 ± 122.1 | 358.6 ± 101.6 | <0.001 | 376.4 ± 121.6 | 300.8 ± 92.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.52 ± 1.48 | 4.49 ± 1.29 | 0.712 | 4.52 ± 1.32 | 4.64 ± 1.20 | 0.262 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.88 ± 3.21 | 1.88 ± 1.71 | <0.001 | 2.53 ± 1.87 | 1.72 ± 1.13 | <0.001 |
| HDL‐cholesterol, mmol/L | 0.93 ± 0.30 | 0.99 ± 0.29 | 0.003 | 1.00 ± 0.30 | 1.14 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |
| LDL‐cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.57 ± 1.02 | 2.82 ± 1.08 | 0.001 | 2.61 ± 1.13 | 2.87 ± 1.05 | 0.005 |
| UHR (%) | 21.7 ± 8.8 | 17.4 ± 7.5 | <0.001 | 17.9 ± 7.9 | 12.7 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD or number (%). P < 0.05 was deemed significant (comparison between IR positive and IR negative). 2 h PPG, 2 h postprandial plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL‐c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LLD, lipid‐lowering drugs; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UHR, serum uric acid‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.