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. 2024 Jan 2;43:3. doi: 10.1186/s40101-023-00352-1

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Schematic presentation of the experimental protocol. Participants performed a 30-min calculation task as a short-term stressor under three aroma conditions: black pepper, ginger, and dipropylene glycol (DPG) (scentless air as a control). Each participant experienced three aroma conditions on three separate days (within-participant design). The order of aroma conditions was counterbalanced