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. 1999 Apr 26;1999(2):CD001526. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001526

Knonagel 1989.

Methods Multicenter 
 Randomization: No details 
 Double‐blinded: yes 
 Withdrawals documented: no 
 Intention‐to‐treat analysis (ITT): none
Participants Geographic setting: Switzerland 
 Number enrolled: 51 
 Number randomized, control: 25 
 Number analyzed, control: 20 
 Number randomized, treatment: 26 
 Number analyzed, treatment: 19 
 Median/mean age control group: 74 
 Median/mean age treatment group: 74
Interventions Control: bilateral orchiectomy plus placebo 
 Treatment: bilateral orchiectomy plus nilutamide 300 mg 
 Median time to follow‐up: NA 
 Lost to follow‐up: NA
Outcomes Overall survival 
 Cancer‐specific survival 
 Progression‐related outcomes 
 Time to treatment failure 
 Adverse events
Notes Percentage M1 disease, control: 96% 
 Percentage M1 disease, treatment: 92% 
 Percentage poorly differentiated tumor, control: NS 
 Percentage poorly differentiated tumor, treatment: NS
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk B ‐ Unclear