Extended Data Table 2.
Comparison of the estimated mean fold changes of different p-tau variants between groups in the post-mortem cohorts.
| BLSA-Neuropathology cohort: diagnosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - Plasma | Control versus AD | ASYMAD versus AD | Control versus ASYMAD | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 2.15 | 0.0326 | 1.71 | 0.0771 | 1.26 | 0.8237 |
| p-tau231 | 1.88 | 0.0215 | 1.52 | 0.0725 | 1.24 | 0.7423 |
| p-tau212 | 3.92 | <0.0001 | 3.19 | <0.0001 | 1.22 | 0.9150 |
| BLSA-Neuropathology cohort: amyloid pathology | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - Plasma | Sparse versus Moderate | Sparse versus Frequent | Moderate versus Frequent | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 1.39 | 0.6703 | 1.69 | 0.2107 | 1.22 | 0.7231 |
| p-tau231 | 1.00 | 0.9999 | 1.7 | 0.0304 | 1.7 | 0.0271 |
| p-tau212 | 1.55 | 0.6339 | 2.7 | 0.0081 | 1.74 | 0.0867 |
| BLSA-Neuropathology cohort: tangle pathology | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - Plasma | Braak I-II versus Braak III-IV | Braak I-II versus Braak V-VI | Braak III-IV versus Braak V-VI | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 1.04 | 0.9951 | 1.66 | 0.3631 | 1.59 | 0.1052 |
| p-tau231 | 1.15 | 0.9036 | 2.16 | 0.0129 | 1.88 | 0.0004 |
| p-tau212 | 1.91 | 0.5675 | 3.98 | 0.0077 | 2.08 | 0.0025 |
| UCSD-Neuropathology cohort: diagnosis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - CSF | Low Path versus High ADNC | Low Path versus High ADNC+other | Other Path versus High ADNC | Other Path versus High ADNC+other | ||||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 2.85 | 0.0178 | 2.51 | 0.0892 | 2.76 | 0.0018 | 2.43 | 0.0206 |
| p-tau231 | 2.87 | 0.0299 | 2.79 | 0.0501 | 2.77 | 0.0034 | 2.71 | 0.0075 |
| p-tau212 | 3.71 | 0.0062 | 3.50 | 0.0178 | 4.04 | 0.0002 | 3.82 | 0.0008 |
| p-tau217 | 2.68 | 0.0163 | 2.41 | 0.0644 | 2.73 | 0.0005 | 2.46 | 0.0050 |
| UCSD-Neuropathology cohort: CERAD amyloid pathology | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - CSF | Sparse versus Moderate | Sparse versus Frequent | Moderate versus Frequent | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 3.46 | 0.0114 | 4.21 | 0.0002 | 1.21 | 0.5582 |
| p-tau231 | 3.73 | 0.0122 | 4.57 | 0.0003 | 1.23 | 0.5536 |
| p-tau212 | 6.06 | 0.0083 | 8.72 | <0.0001 | 1.43 | 0.1589 |
| p-tau217 | 3.96 | 0.0034 | 5.27 | <0.0001 | 1.33 | 0.2053 |
| UCSD-Neuropathology cohort: tangle pathology | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - CSF | Braak I-II versus Braak III-IV | Braak I-II versus Braak V-VI | Braak III-IV versus Braak V-VI | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 2.43 | 0.4392 | 4.45 | 0.0021 | 1.69 | 0.0475 |
| p-tau231 | 2.21 | 0.5179 | 4.24 | 0.0018 | 1.92 | 0.0383 |
| p-tau212 | 3.12 | 0.4755 | 7.44 | 0.0002 | 2.38 | 0.0059 |
| p-tau217 | 2.86 | 0.1819 | 4.63 | 0.0002 | 1.62 | 0.0685 |
| UCSD-Neuropathology cohort: Thal amyloid pathology | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test - CSF | Thal 0–2 versus Thal 3–4 | Thal 0–2 versus Thal 5 | Thal 3–4 versus Thal 5 | |||
| Result/analyte | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value | Fold change | P-value |
| p-tau181 | 2.87 | 0.0799 | 3.47 | 0.0031 | 1.21 | 0.6684 |
| p-tau231 | 3.04 | 0.0781 | 3.62 | 0.0039 | 1.19 | 0.7355 |
| p-tau212 | 4.02 | 0.0921 | 5,73 | 0.0006 | 1.43 | 0.3162 |
| p-tau217 | 3.38 | 0.0403 | 4.55 | 0.0002 | 1.35 | 0.2930 |