Table 3.

Results of bivariate odds ratio to determine main predictors of Plasmodium infections across Ethiopia. Asterisk represents significance at level of 0.05.

Parameters		Infection rate by 18s qPCR
		Total samples	Infection	Non-infection	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Duffy status	Duffy+	427	405	22	4.6 (1.4, 14.96), P= 0.011*
	Duffy-	20	16	4	1
Gender	Female	171	159	12	1
	Male	269	249	20	0.94 (0.45, 1.98) P= 0.87
Age (years old)	≤ 15	150	143	7	2.9 (0.55, 15.4) P= 0.21
	> 15 and < 45	273	250	23	1.55 (0.33, 7.26) P= 0.58
	≥ 45	16	14	2	1
Symptoms
Fever	Yes	398	369	29	0.59 (0.03, 10.43) P= 0.72
	No	10	10	0	1
Headache	Yes	391	365	26	3.0 (0.81–11.14) P=0.099
	No	17	14	3	1
Fatigue	Yes	257	238	19	0.89 (0.4, 1.96) P=0.77
	No	151	141	10	1
Muscle and Joint Pain	Yes	257	240	17	1.12 (0.52, 2.41) P= 0.77
	No	163	151	12	1
Chills	Yes	258	245	13	2.25 (1.05, 4.8) P=0.037*
	No	150	134	16	1
Sweating	Yes	218	208	10	3.5 (1.7, 7.44) P= 0.0009*
	No	200	171	29	1
Nausea and Vomiting	Yes	177	163	14	0.81 (0.38, 1.73) P=0.59
	No	230	215	15	1