Figure 1.

Characterization of the immune response in Syrian golden hamsters after a primary series of mRNA and DNA vaccination delivered at different sites. (a) Study schematic²⁵ and dosing schedule in Syrian golden hamster. (b-c) Neutralizing activity (ID₅₀ values) against the WT and BA.1 pseudoviruses are shown (ID delivery, b and IM delivery, c). Each data point represents the mean of technical duplicates for each animal (n = 6). Dashed lines represent the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay. Samples below LOD were plotted at the number equivalent to half of the lowest serum dilution. Data shown represent ID₅₀ (GMT ± 95% CI) for each group of six hamsters. (d-e) Splenocyte cellular responses to WT and BA.1 spike peptide megapools measured by IFNγ ELISpot assay (ID delivery, e and IM delivery, f). Data shown represent IFNγ spots per one million cells of experimental triplicates (mean ± SEM) after DMSO subtraction. ****P ≤ .0001, **P = .0021, *P = .033 (2-way ANOVA, tukey’s multiple comparison).