Table 7. Statistical Association between DRPs and hospital-acquired infections among hospitalized stroke patients.

Primary Domain	Causes	Frequency of DRPs (n)	Hospital acquired Infections		p-value
			Yes	No
Drug Selection	Inappropriate drug according to guidelines/formulary	86	80	06
	Inappropriate combination of drugs, or drugs and herbal medications, or drugs and dietary supplements	102	74	28	0.000
	Appropriate drug according to guidelines/formulary	62	20	42
Dose Selection	Dosage regimen not frequent enough	132	93	39	0.000
	Dosage regimen too frequent	53	31	22
	Dose timing instructions wrong, unclear or missing	12	06	06
Treatment Duration	Duration of treatment too short	90	63	27
	Duration of treatment too long	87	67	20	0.072
	Proper Duration of treatment	73	44	29
Dispensing	Prescribed drug not available	47	31	16	0.003
	Necessary information not provided or incorrect advice provided	120	80	40
Drug use process	Inappropriate timing of administration or dosing intervals	110	84	26	0.000
	Wrong drug administered	70	60	10
	Appropriate timing of administration or dosing intervals	65	26	39

Table adapted from Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification Version 9.1 ⁴⁵