Fig 1. The reconstruction of the human SAN anatomical and computer activation model.

A representative human SAN computer model at an isotropic resolution of 40 μm³ was constructed using a shadow of the 3D immunehistological segmentation of the human SAN structure including SACPs [1] into a 2D plane. For this computer model, three different cellular kinetics models were developed for SAN center (1), head and tail (2), and neighboring RA (3). SAN–sinoatrial node, RA–right atrium, SACP–sino-atrial conduction pathway, CL–cycle length.