Fig 8. Atrial pacing induces SAN nodal reentrant arrhythmia during mild INa suppression and Adenosine (Ado), and SAN conduction block, particularly in HF models.
A, Atrial pacing protocol at a frequency of 2 Hz for SAN function from the RA. The pacing site and SAN activation maps during RA pacing are shown. B, Top: Summary of propagation patterns post RA pacing in control SAN model with increasing INa block or Ado concentration. Here ’Normal’ (blue squares) refers to the leading pacemaker in the SAN center and preferential SAN exit through the middle lateral SACP. Bottom: Examples of post-RA pacing activation patterns in the SAN complex are shown. C, Summary of propagation patterns in the HF SAN model without fibrotic remodeling in the SACPs in the presence of increasing INa block or Ado. See abbreviations in Fig 2.