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. 2023 Nov 20;17(1):2281714. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2281714

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 5. — Architecture of the Na_VAb voltage sensing module and pore module. a) side view of the voltage-sensing module of Na_VAb illustrating the conformations of the S1-S4 helices and the size of the extracellular aqueous cleft with the R1-R4 gating charges (blue), extracellular negative cluster (ENC, red), intracellular negative cluster (INC, red), and hydrophobic constriction site (HCS, green). b) side view of the pore-forming module of two subunits of Na_VAb. S5 and S6 transmembrane helices, purple: P helix loop, green; P2 helix green; water-filled space revealed by MOLE, gray. Note that the two S6 segments are crossed at their intracellular ends, forming the closed conformation of the activation gate. Adapted from Payandeh et al., 2011 [97].