Table 1.

Studies included in the narrative review.

Study design	Studies reviewed
Systematic reviews	(1) Safety Assessment of Glucose-Lowering Drugs and Importance of Structured Education during Ramadan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
	(2) Efficacy and Safety of Newer Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with T2DM during Ramadan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
	(3) Impact of Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting on Hypoglycemic Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies
	(4) A Systematic Review on Efficacy and Safety of the Current Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Diabetes during Ramadan Fasting
Randomized trials	(5) Safety of Lixisenatide versus Sulfonylurea Added to Basal Insulin Treatment in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Elect to Fast during Ramadan (LixiRam): An International, Randomized, Open-Label Trial
	(6) Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Compared to Sulphonylurea during Ramadan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (LIRA-Ramadan): A Randomized Trial
	(7) Treat 4 Ramadan Trial A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide to Sulphonylurea as an Add-On to Metformin in Patients with Established Type 2 Diabetes during Ramadan: The Treat 4 Ramadan Trial
Guidelines	(8) Canadian Statement on Fasting during Ramadan
	(9) South East London Area Prescribing Committee on fasting during Ramadan
	(10) IDF-DAR practical guidelines 2021
Other studies	(11) Ramadan Education and Awareness in Diabetes (READ) program for Muslims with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan
	(12) Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide as an Add-On Therapy to Preexisting Antidiabetic Regimens during Ramadan, a Prospective Observational Trial
	(13) Religious Fasting, Ramadan, and Hypoglycemia in People with Diabetes