Table 1.

The key relationships from C1.

Findings	Relationship
% C1 mentioned in the study sample	100 %
Ecosystems protect all living entities [16,78] and bring vital benefits for humans [16,71,113,116]	C1→III: +
Exponential growth of ES studies and approaches, especially through programing PES, to tackle environmental purposes [35,37] and local livelihoods [40,128,129]	C1→II, III: +
ES has attracted attention from local [113] to worldwide, from design to implementation [5,103]	C1→C7: +, C1→C2: + & C1→II: +
Linkages between ES types and human well-being dimensions varies and depends on ecosystems and regions [78], ES distribution and benefit levels [122,123]	C1→C7: +/− & C1, C7→C11, C12: ±
Short-term needs in ES decisions might cause negatively outcomes for sustainability of ES and human well-being [124,125]	C1, C6→III: −
Huge potential of ES values for sustainability in many ES types and geographies through PES [73,83,127], e.g., estimated livelihoods and poverty reduction in developing countries by 2030 [51].	C1, C7, II→III: * & C1, C6, C7, II→C11: +.