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. 2023 Aug 19;14(2):400–417. doi: 10.1007/s13346-023-01407-7

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Effect of intranasal administration of different treatments (0.3 mg/kg) on the measured oxidative stress markers; A malondialdehyde, B glutathione, and C heme oxygenase-1. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 7). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test (Tukey) for group comparisons. Means of similar symbols were statistically insignificant: a > b > c > d > e (p ≤ 0.001)