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. 2023 Aug 19;14(2):400–417. doi: 10.1007/s13346-023-01407-7

Table 3.

Effect of tested TAN-NLC formulations and TAN suspension on different behavioral and locomotor tests after intranasal administration (0.3 mg/kg) to rotenone-induced PD rat model

Parameter Negative control Positive control TAN suspension TAN-NLCs CS-TAN-NLCs
Rotarod test
    Mean latency to fall (s) 141.7a ± 20.1 17.8d ± 2.3 70.1c ± 2.8 92.1b ± 5.8 129.2a ± 21.6
Open field
    Latency to move (s) 4.5d ± 0.5 10.1a ± 0.5 7.4b ± 0.3 6c ± 0.3 4d ± 0.4
    Number of crossed squares 70.2a ± 3.9 24.2d ± 5 51.5c ± 5.4 60.1b ± 2.5 67.3a ± 3
    Latency to rear (s) 10.5c ± 1.9 16.4a ± 1 14.3b ± 0.9 11.3c ± 0.4 9.8c ± 1.5
    Number of rears 18.5a ± 3 7c ± 1.4 12.5b ± 1 16a ± 1.4 18.3a ± 2.7
Forced swimming test
    Activity time (s) 162.5a ± 4.2 98.8e ± 3.3 140d ± 2.1 132.5c ± 2.4 157b ± 3.8
    Immobility time (s) 17.5e ± 4.23 81.2a ± 3.3 47.5b ± 2.4 40c ± 2.1 23d ± 3.9

The study was conducted on male Wistar rats (n = 7). Values were expressed as means ± SD. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test (Tukey) for group comparisons. Means of similar symbols are statistically insignificant: a > b > c > d > e (p ≤ 0.001)