Table 1.
Summary of patients’ characteristics.
| Patient | Sex | Race | Age at clinical presentation (years) | Clinical presentation | Baseline MRI | CSF (cytology and biochemistry) | Oligoclonal bands | MOG and AQP4 antibodies | Age at diagnosis (years) | Clinical evolution | Control MRI | Follow-up duration (years) | DMT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Male | Caucasian | 4 | Myelitis | T2 hyperintense spinal, juxtacortical, infratentorial and periventricular lesions; enhancing and non-enhancing lesions | Normal | Several bands (not present in serum) | Negative | 4 | No relapses, no disability progression, EDSS 2.0 | (12 months) No new T2 hyperintense lesions | 1 | – |
| 2 | Male | Caucasian | 5 | ADEM | T2 hyperintense infratentorial and periventricular lesions; only non-enhancing lesions | Pleocytosis (100 leukocytes/mm3); elevated protein (78.7 mg/dL) and normal glucose levels | Absent | Negative | 6 | One relapse (brainstem syndrome), EDSS 1.0 | (6 months) New T2 hyperintense periventricular and infratentorial lesions | 4 | – |
| 3 | Female | Caucasian | 9 | Unilateral optic neuritis | Thickening and contrast enhancement of the optic nerve; T2 hyperintense non-enhancing periventricular and subcortical lesions | Pleocytosis (20 lymphocytes/mm3), normal protein and glucose levels | 8 bands (not present in serum) | Negative | 10 | No relapses, no disability progression, EDSS 0 | (12 months) New T2 hyperintense periventricular and juxtacortical lesions | 4 | Clinical trial (open-label pegylated interferon beta-1a) |
| 4 | Female | Caucasian | 9 | Brainstem syndrome | T2 hyperintense and T1 hypointense periventricular and infratentorial lesions; enhancing and non-enhancing lesions | Normal | 13 bands (not present in serum) | Negative | 9 | No relapses, no disability progression, EDSS 1.0 | (6 months) New T2 hyperintense periventricular, subcortical and infratentorial lesions | 2 | Clinical trial (fingolimod vs siponimod vs ofatumumab)* |
*Disease-modifying treatment was started after completing 10 years old. AQP4, Aquaporin-4; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; DMT, disease-modifying treatment; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MOG, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.